1. Bell Ringer Review: –What was Reconstruction? Period following Civil War when Southern states were controlled by federal gov’t –What did it achieve? Southern states readmitted to union, ratification of 13 th,14 th, and 15 th amendments, creation of Freedman’s Bureau –Why did it fail? Social and economic equality not achieved (convict leasing and sharecropping systems leave many in bondage/poverty), racism and hate groups on rise in South, federal gov’t takes limited action to stop injustice –Do you think overall Reconstruction was a success or failure? Why?

3. 18 th President (1869-1877) Ulysses S. Grant Grant’s administration (follows Johnson) full of corruption and difficulty –Former army friend and relatives given jobs in administration – appointees often took bribes –Financial panic led to high unemployment ** Republican party blamed for problems http://www.270towin.com/

4. End of Reconstruction Compromise of 1877 –Hayes becomes president in exchange for federal troops being removed from South –Gov’t would provide loans to help build railroads from South into the West and other Southern improvement projects –Democrats promised to respect rights of African-Americans

5. What do you see?

6. TWINS! http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 2123050/Look-The-black-white-twins-turn- seven.html

7. ALL TWINS!

8. What is Race?

9. Understanding Race Terms to Know: Culture/Heritage – one’s traditions/way of life – related loosely to countries of origin (Italian, German, Indian, Korean) Race – categorizations of people groups, based on incorrect “scientific” groupings –Think about it and it starts to fall apart… –What does it mean to be “white” or “black” ??

10. Video! Answer video questions completely, this will be collected!

11. RACISM The belief that one “race” of people is superior (better) than another Racism impacted early science – “races” were ranked the same way animals are, incorrect science used to justify colonization, slavery, and racism! How? In American history racism leads to laws and policies that limit the rights of minorities (Jim Crow - segregation laws) THE TRUTH - the genes of ALL HUMANS are over 99% alike! “Make the lie big, make it simple, keep repeating it, and eventually they will believe it” –Adolf Hitler

12. So why does Racism continue to exist? Superiority = privilege = power Ignorance (lack of information about others) What can we do to be actively “anti- racist”?

14. Human Family Poem by Dr. Maya Angelou I note the obvious differences in the human family. Some of us are serious, some thrive on comedy. Some declare their lives are lived as true profundity, and others claim they really live the real reality. The variety of our skin tones can confuse, bemuse, delight, brown and pink and beige and purple, tan and blue and white. I've sailed upon the seven seas and stopped in every land. I've seen the wonders of the world, not yet one common man. I know ten thousand women called Jane and Mary Jane, but I've not seen any two who really were the same. Mirror twins are different although their features jibe, and lovers think quite different thoughts while lying side by side. We love and lose in China, we weep on England's moors, and laugh and moan in Guinea, and thrive on Spanish shores. We seek success in Finland, are born and die in Maine. In minor ways we differ, in major we're the same. I note the obvious differences between each sort and type, but we are more alike, my friends than we are unalike. We are more alike, my friends, than we are unalike.

15. Describe these images – who are they? What is happening? Image 1Image 2

16. Challenge yourself to look past the surface…