1. PRESENTATION ON POLLUTION

2. POLLUTION
Man’s First Environmental Problem

3. POLLUTION Is the introduction by man into the environment of
contaminants
that contains
harmful substances
Introduction by man,
waste matter or
surplus energy into
the environment,
which directly or
indirectly causes
damage to man and
his environment

4. POLLUTANT A substance or effect which
adversely alters the environment by
changing the growth rate of species,
interferes with the food chain, is toxic,
or interferes with health, comfort
amenities or property values of people.

5. EFFECTS ON BIOSPHERE Damage to human health by specific
chemical substances present in the air, food,
water and radioactive material
Damage to natural environment affecting
vegetation, animals, crops, soil and water
Damage to visual quality by smoke, fumes,
dust, noise and waste.
Damage by carcinogens, radioactive
materials and excessive noise.

6. TYPES OF POLLUTION Water Pollution Air Pollution Land Pollution
Noise Pollution
Waste pollution
Thermal Pollution
Visual Pollution

7. WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities.

8. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION Water ( about 99%) Solids Carbohydrates
Proteins (These are referred to as
Fat “organic material”.)
Nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)
Microorganisms. (On average there are about 10
million per ml of wastewater. Many are pathogens)

9. sources of WATER POLLUTION Throwing trashes in water.
Throwing low batteries in
water , lakes , rivers and etc.
The chemicals from factories
that might flow to rivers

10. AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is the modification of the natural
characteristics of the atmosphere by a chemical
particulate matter are biological agent.
The atmosphere is a complex ,dynamic natural
gaseous system is that is essential to support
life on the planet earth .
Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution
has long been recognized as a threat to human
health as well as to the earth ecosystem.

11. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION Humans Animals Vegetation Materials
Global warming
Ozone depletion
Acid Rain
Various respiratory
illnesses.

12. LAND POLLUTION Urbanization and Concentration of Population
Municipal Solid Waste
Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste
Uncontrolled .Land Treatment.
Burning open dumps and forest fires
Deforestation
Mining and Erosion

13. NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution or environmental noise is displeasing human or machine created sound that disrupts the activity or happiness of human or animal life. A common form of noise pollution is from transportation, principally motor vehicles. The word "noise" comes from the Latin word nausea meaning "seasickness", or from a derivative (perhaps Latin noxia) of Latin noceō = "I do harm", referring originally to nuisance noise.

14. EFFECT OF NOISE POLLUTION
No one on earth can escape the sounds of noise-
an unwanted, disturbing sound that causes a
nuisance in the eye of the beholder.
There are numerous effects on the human
environment due to the increase in noise
pollution.
Major sources of noise can be airplanes at
takeoff and landing, and a truck just off the
assembly line, yet we seem accept and enjoy
countless other sounds, from hard rock music to
loud Harley Davidson motor cycles.

15. WASTE POLLUTION
Waste, rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or undesired material. "Waste" is the general term; though the other terms are used loosely as synonyms, they have more specific meanings: rubbish or trash are mixed household waste and including paper and packaging; food waste or garbage (North America) is kitchen and table waste; and junk or scrap is metallic or industrial material. There are other categories of waste as well: sewage, ash, manure, and plant materials from garden operations, including grass cuttings, fallen leaves, and pruned branches.

16. THERMAL POLLUTION Thermal pollution is the degradation of
water quality by any process that changes
ambient water temperature.
A common cause of thermal pollution is
the use of water as a coolant by power
plant and industrial manufacturers.
When water used as a coolant is returned
to the natural environment at a higher
temperature, the change in temperature
(a) decreases oxygen supply, and
(b) affects ecosystem composition.

17. VISUAL POLLUTION Visual pollution is the term given to unattractive
and man-made visual elements of a vista,
a landscape, or any other thing that a person
does not feel comfortable to look at.
Visual pollution is an aesthetic issue,
referring to the impacts of pollution that
impair one's ability to enjoy a vista or view.
The term is used broadly to cover visibility,
limits on the ability to view distant objects, as
well as the more subjective issue of visual clutter.

18. POLLUTION MANAGMENT Pollution can be controlled by
proper choice of preventive
and remedial measures

19. WASTEWATER TREATMENT Preventive Curative Physical Biological
Volume reduction
Strength reduction
Chemical

20. WASTEWATER PROCESSING Wastewater Air emissions Water Primary Treatment
Secondary
Treatment
Tertiary
Treatment
Primary sludge
Secondary Sludge
Tertiary Sludge

21. PHYSICAL METHOD Objective: Solvent extraction Remove solid or
liquid pollutants
based on density
difference or other
physical property
(eg. SS or floating solids)
Solvent extraction
Evaporation
Distillation
Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
Electro dialysis
Adsorption

22. BIOLOGICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT Aerobic treatment Anaerobic treatment
The organic load is defined by the
Biological Oxygen demand (BOD).
In aerobic systems the water is aerated with
compressed air (in some cases oxygen).
Anaerobic systems run under oxygen free
conditions -biogas is a useful product.

23. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL Use tall stacks
80% of the air pollution load is
contributed by the transport sector
Use tall stacks
Source reduction by process and raw
material changes (eg. Improved furnace
design and low S fuel)
Recover valuable material (eg. Hg)
Bag filters, scrubbers, ESP, cyclone separators
Absorption, adsorption, combustion and
catalytic reaction

24. LAND POLLUTION CONTROL Integrated Solid Waste Management
Good agricultural practices
Remediation of polluted soils
Prevention of erosion and silting
Containment of hazardous waste and
waste water treatment using land treatment
techniques.

25. NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL Control noise at source by proper
choice of equipment, design modification ,
mounting and proper layout.
Isolation or use of baffles.
Use of ear protection devices.