1. COLOR!!!

2. COLOR UNIT VOCABULARY: *INDICATES THAT THE TERM IS IN THE GREEN BOOK
Spectrum*
Pigment*
Neutral *
3 Properties of Color
Hue*
Color Wheel
Primary Colors*
Secondary Colors
Intermediate Colors/Tertiary Colors
Value*
Tint*
Shade*
Tone*
Intensity*
Complementary Colors*
Color Harmony/Color Scheme*
Analogous
Monochromatic
Warm Colors
Cool Colors
Split-Complementary
Triad

3. An Element of Art Elements of Art= The Building Blocks
Knowing how to mix and use colors is crucial to the success of any work of art using color.

4. What is Color?
Color- An art element with three properties; hue, value, and intensity. Also, the character of surfaces created by the response of vision to wavelengths of reflected light.

5. The Source of Color
When a ray of white light passes through a glass prism, the ray is bent, or refracted. This ray of light them separates into individual bands of color, called the COLOR SPECTRUM.

6. Light Mixing Theories
Applies to Light

7. Pigment
The powdered coloring material used in making artist’s media (paints, crayons, inks, etc.) are called PIGMENTS.
Can be natural or chemical (man-made)
Never quite as pure as the color spectrum
Pigments used in Dyes in India

8. Light Mixing Theories
Applies to Light
Applies to Pigment

9. Neutral Colors Not all objects have colors that are in the spectrum.
We do not clearly see any one color in them.
They are not associated with hue.
White
The sum of all colors – a white object REFLECTS to our eyes all the wavelengths shining on it, absorbing none of them.
Black
The total absence of reflected light; it results when an object ABSORBS all the wavelengths shining on it, reflecting none of them.
Gray
Created by PARTIAL REFLECTION (mixed black + white)

10. The Properties of Color
There are three properties that can be defined and measured:
HUE
VALUE
INTENSITY

11. Hue
HUE-The property of color that distinguishes one gradiation from another and gives it its name.
Examples of Hue: “blue”, “red”, “green”
Each hue has a different wavelength
Blue is 19 millionths of an inch long
Red is 30 millionths of an inch long
Refers to the color’s position on the spectrum.

12. The Color Wheel
A simplified version of the color spectrum, bent into a circle
An important tool for the artist – arranges it for easy study

13. The Color Wheel Made of three types of colors: Primary Secondary
Intermediate/ Tertiary

14. Primary Colors
The three basic colors from which it is possible to mix all other colors.
The primaries cannot be produced by mixing pigments.
Red, Yellow, and Blue

15. Secondary Colors
Secondary Colors- Colors that result from the mixture of two primary colors.
Orange
Green
Violet

16. Intermediate/Tertiary Colors
Intermediate colors- Colors produced by mixing a primary color and the adjacent secondary color on the color wheel.
Also made by mixing unequal amounts of two primaries.
Also called “Tertiary Colors”
Yellow-green Red-violet
Blue-green Red-orange
Blue-violet Yellow-orange

17. Mixing Intermediates: What are two ways to mix each intermediate?

18. The Completed Color Wheel

19. Create a Color Wheel
You will create a color wheel to go in your sketchbook.
Use the handout provided.

20. Create a Color Wheel What is the hue and type of each color
Create a Color Wheel What is the hue and type of each color? Label your color wheel before you begin painting.
Always mix the darker color INTO the lighter color.
Always use more of the lighter color to start with.
Paint primary first.
Paint secondary second.
Paint intermediate third.
If your color is not correct, draw a new circle to paint the color into. Do not paint over an incorrect color. Acrylics are not truly opaque.

21. Complementary Colors

22. Complementary Colors They appear opposite each other on a color wheel.
One of the most important color relationships illustrated in the color wheel.
They appear opposite each other on a color wheel.
Three main sets:
Yellow and Violet
Green and Red
Blue and Orange
What other sets can we identify?

23. Complementary Colors
They show a maximum visual contrast between colors.
The line where two complementary colors meet seems to vibrate in a composition.

24. Complementary Colors

25. Pointillism & Optical Fusion
(Left) Circus Parade by George Seurat (detail below)
Pointillism & Optical Fusion
Pointillism is a technique that relies on something called optical fusion /optical mixing where our eyes blend colors that are separated on the paper.
Pointillism uses thousands of small dots of color, building up thousands of points for the viewer’s eyes to blend.

26. A Sunday on La Grande Jatte by George Seurat

27. VALUE: A Property of Color

28. Properties of Color
Hue identifies color as blue, green, red, yellow, etc. as seen in the spectrum of the color wheel
VALUE: How does it relate to color?
Intensity

29. Value
What do we already know about Value?

30. Value in Nature Where do you see value in color in your surroundings?
Value is natural aspect of color. Look around you: hues vary from light to dark simply based on shadows and highlights.
Where do you see value in color in your surroundings?

31. How can value affect color?
Value is an aspect of all colors!
Every color has a normal value, which is shown on the color wheel.
Example: Red
The value of the color can be changed by adding white or black to the color.
Example: Red with black added
Red with white added

32. Tints of a Color Adding white to a hue produces a TINT.
A tint is lighter in value.
Tint = Hue + White

33. Hue + White = Tint
Primaries
+ =
Secondaries
+ =

34. Shades of a Color Adding BLACK to a color produces a SHADE.
A shade is darker in value.
Shade = Hue + Black

35. Hue + Black = Shade
Primaries
+ =
Secondaries
+ =

36. So Many Colors! There are no limitations of value in color.
Tints and shades can be made of any color: primary, secondary, intermediate, and anywhere in between.

37. SO Many Colors!
There may be as many value steps between the lightest and darkest appearance of a color as there are between black and white.

38. Pablo Picasso

39. Picasso
The Old Guitarist

40. Georgia O’Keefe

41. VALUE

42. Making a Color Value Scale
On your paper you must one value scale – you may choose the color.
You must have 10 steps to each scale.
Start with white, end with black.
Step 6 will be your “normal hue”.
Each color must be an even increment apart.
Pure White
PureHUE
Pure Black
Tints
Shades

43. INTENSITY: A Property of Color

44. Properties of Color
Hue identifies color as blue, green, red, yellow, etc. as seen in the spectrum of the color wheel
Value: refers to the darkness or lightness or a color
INTENSITY: ???

45. Intensity
Intensity refers to the quality of light in a color.
It is different from value (which refers to the quantity of light that a color reflects) example: light/dark colors of the hue
Intensity refers to the BRIGHTER and DULLER colors of the same hue.
Also known as saturation or strength.

46. Changing Intensity Create a TONE – or mix the color with grey.
A color, as it appears on the value scale, is at its’ brightest.
Two ways to change intensity:
Create a TONE – or mix the color with grey.
Mix the color with its’ complement.

47. Hue + Grey = TONE
Any hue mixed with grey is called a TONE.

48. Mixing Complements
When mixing complementary colors, bit by bit, a neutral gray is formed. This is because the complementary colors represent an equal balance of the three primary hues.
What are our
complementary
colors?

49. Intensity Scale & Tones
1. Create an intensity scale, going from one complement to another, in five steps. The middle step should be “greyish”. 2. Create five tones of the same color. (these can be “swatches” of colors)
Hue
“Grey”
Hue’s Complement

50. Color Schemes & Harmonies
Get out your color wheel!
Color Schemes & Harmonies
Have you ever said that certain colors “go well together”?
Or that other colors “clash” when placed side by side?

51. Color Schemes / Color Harmonies
When artists & designers use combinations of colors to get certain results, they are using color schemes or color harmonies.
Color Harmony/Color Scheme – Combinations of color that can be defined by their positions on the color wheel. Particular color harmonies may be used to achieve specific effects.
A PLAN FOR ORGANIZING COLORS!

52. Color Schemes – plans for organizing colors
Analogous
Complementary
Split-Complementary
Triad
Monochromatic
Warm Colors
Cool Colors

53. Analogous Colors
Analogous colors are next to each other or adjacent on the color wheel.
They have a single color in common. Because of this common color, they naturally relate well to each other.

54. Analogous Colors
Honore Fragonard used analogous colors in A Young Girl Reading.
The color group is yellow, yellow-orange, and orange. These analogous colors give a warm and soothing quality to the work.
Where have you seen clothing like this?
When and where do you think this painting was made?

55. Analogous Colors
What other combinations can you come up with?

56. Analogous Colors

57. Complementary Colors
Provides the strongest contrast as a color scheme. Good chance for them to either “clash” or “pop”.
What are our
complementary colors?

58. Complementary Color Scheme

59. How has this artist used complementary colors?

60. Split-Complementary
This is made up of a color plus the two hues on either side of that color’s complement.
Such a combination forms sharp contrast within a design.

61. Split-Complementary
What split-complements did Van Gogh use in his painting?

62. Split Complements
What other split complements can you come up with?

63. Triad
A triadic harmony involves three equally spaced hues on the color wheel. (equidistant)
What other sets of triads can you see?

64. Triad
What triadic colors did William de Kooning use in his painting? Triads are very tense b/c they are mutually dissimilar.

65. Monochromatic
A color scheme using only one hue, plus black and white.

66. Monochromatic
Contrast is created by the use of lights and darks (value contrast).
Because only one hue is used, all the parts of a monochromatic design work well together.

67. Monochromatic Color Scheme

68. Warm and Cool Colors
Imagine being in a cold place – what colors do you think of?
Now imagine that you are in a hot location – what colors come to mind?

69. Warm and Cool Colors
When the color wheel is divided in half, a line separates the warm from the cool.
Using warm and cool can result in a very expressive effect because of our associations with colors.

70. Warm Colors
Warm colors are the hues that range from yellow to red-violet.
They are associated with warm objects or circumstances.

71. Warm Colors

72. Warm Colors

73. Cool Colors
The cool colors are the hues that range from yellow-green to violet.
They are associated with coldness or coolness.

74. Cool Colors

75. Cool Colors

76. Which square advances/recedes? Which seems larger?

77. Effects of Warm & Cool Colors
Warm colors advance or come towards us in a design.
Cool colors seem to recede or go backward in a design.

78. Effects of Warm/Cool Colors
Warm Colors make shapes and forms appear larger.
Cool Colors make shapes and forms appear smaller.

79. Color Schemes/Harmonies Review
Analogous -
Complementary -
Split-Complementary -
Triad -
Monochromatic -
Warm Colors -
Cool Colors -

80. Color Scheme Initial Design
You must include the following schemes in the following squares:
You will create a 3” x 3” unit with one of your initials in it on plain paper.
You will repeat this initial design 9 times to create an overall pattern using transfer paper.
Each square will be colored in differently using colored pencils to show the different color schemes we have learned.
Complement
Analogous
Neutrals
Warm Colors
Monochromatic
Split-Complement
Cool Colors
Your Choice!

81. What do you know about color?
Color Review
What do you know about color?

82. Color Review
Based on the images provided, can you locate examples of the color properties and harmonies we have learned?

83. Color Review
Can you find an example of color in your environment or in the book or the examples provided that is appealing to you?
Why?

84. Color Review
How do we perceive color?

85. Color Review
How do we perceive color?
Light strikes an object, and the lightwaves that are the color of the object are reflected to our eyes.

86. Color Review
What colors are not found in the light spectrum? What is the term for these colors?

87. Color Review
What colors are not found in the light spectrum? Black, white, and gray What is the term for these colors? Neutrals – they are not found in the light spectrum.

88. Color Review
Name the primary colors Name the secondary colors Name the intermediate colors

89. Color Review
Name the primary colors red, yellow, and blue Name the secondary colors orange, green, and violet Name the intermediate colors red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet

90. Color Review
How are the secondary colors created?

91. Color Review
How are the secondary colors created? By mixing two primaries together

92. Color Review
To what does the term value refer to in color mixing?

93. Color Review
To what does the term value refer to in color mixing? Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color

94. Color Review
Explain how to lessen the intensity of a color.

95. Color Review
Explain how to lessen the intensity of a color. You can lessen intensity by adding its’ complement You can also add grey to create a tone.

96. Color Review
Name five types of color harmonies. List a set of colors as an example of each harmony.

97. FIVE OF THEM!
Color Review
Name five types of color harmonies. List a set of colors as an example of each harmony.
Complementary – colors opposite each other on the c. wheel
Split-complementary – a color and the two on each side of its’ complement
Monochromatic – a hue plus black and white
Analogous – three-four colors next to each other sharing a similar color
Warm – one half of the color wheel from yellow to red-violet
Cool – one half of the color wheel from violet to yellow-green
Triad – three equidistant colors on the color wheel

98. Color Harmonies with Pastels
Choose a real life object – a plant, leaf, shoe, hand, or insect – for your subject.
Choose a color scheme for your design by experimenting with pastels in your sketchbook. Consider the mood you want to set.
With a pastel close to the color of your paper, sketch the outline of your subject. Draw the object twice more. Draw them large and overlap them. They should touch or crop off the edge of your paper on at least two sides.
If your design does not divide your paper into as many shapes as your background needs, divide it more with various shapes.
Add color to complete your drawing. Not all areas need to be flat color – consider blending from dark to light or from one color to another.
Look at your design from a distance for evaluation. Add more if needed.
Spray with fixative.