1. Vegetative Parts

2. The main vegetative organs of plants that we will be talking about are
Roots
Stems
Leaves

3. Vegetative parts of plants that we eat for nourishment are known as vegetables

4. Plant Tissues

5. Ground Tissue Types

6. Meristem Tissue

7. Plants Need
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Sunlight
Water
Nutrients (essential elements)

8. Why? You ask…….. Photosynthesis Respiration Growth Development
Reproduction

9. Plant parts.

10. Crown (leaf area)
Trunk (stem)
Roots

12. Crown (leaf area)
Branches
Twigs
Leaves
Flowers
Fruit (seeds)

13. Crown (leaf area)
Captures sunlight and carbon dioxide (for photosynthesis) , regulates water loss (transpiration), has reproduction organs and produces seeds.

14. Transpiration moves water and essential elements through a plant.

15. Photosynthesis is a primary function in plants
CO2 + H2O CH2O + H2O + O2
Note: sugar.

17. Respiration is the burning of nutrients for energy by the cells
Note: sugar.
All parts of plant carry on respiration

18. Let’s look at the 3 main plant organs in more detail
Leaves
Stems
Roots

19. Leaf

20. Cuticle Waxy layer Controls water loss by “waterproofing” the leaf
Upper and lower

21. Epidermis Protects the leaf surface It is the “skin” of the leaf
Holds in moisture also
Upper and lower

22. Control gas entry/exit in leaves
Mostly in lower epidermis !

23. Stomata, Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520).

24. Mesophyll
Cells with chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll that carry out photosynthesis
Palisade cells are long, upright, erect, and packed like sardines. Most photosynthesis takes place here.
Spongy cells are rounded and irregular and loosely packed with a lot of air spaces for movement of gases. Less photosynthesis here because there are fewer chloroplasts.

25. Veins Bundles of vascular tissue
Xylem carrying water and nutrients to leaf cells
Phloem carrying food to storage sinks
Sheathing cells to enclose and protect the vascular tissue

26. Trunk(stem)
Heartwood
Xylem
Cambium
Phloem
Bark

27. Trunk, (stem)
Transports water, food and other essential elements, stores energy, elevates and displays leaves to sun
Woody
(Dicot)
Herbaceous
(monocot)

28. In woody stems, the vascular cambium produces phloem on the outside (next to the bark) and xylem on the inside. Old xylem is the “wood” and exhibits the annual rings of growth

29. Roots

30. Roots
Collect water and essential elements, anchor plants, store food.

32. Roots
Root branches (tap root, clustered and fibrous roots)
Root hairs

33. Taproot – one main vertical root and branches from it

35. Fibrous roots – many branches of about the same size/length; like the grasses

36. Fascicled/clustered roots – similar to fibrous but of many varying sizes

37. Vascular tissue arrangement varies

38. Dicot root
Monocot root.

39. Roots 1. 95% of roots in top foot of soil.
2. Biggest limiting factor to root growth is oxygen.
3. Roots often extend three times the distance of the branches.

40. Water is absorbed by diffusion into the root hairs then to the xylem of the root. It is then moved by cohesion of water molecules and capillary action up the stem xylem

41. Ideal Soil A) mineral material 45% B) air 25% C) water 25%
D) organic material 5%
note:
air + water = pore space or
25% + 25% = 50% pore space

42. Remember roots carry on respiration so they need oxygen, too.

44. Stress
Stress occurs often occurs when a plant won't get enough of what it needs. . .
Sunlight, water, essential elements, oxygen to roots etc.

45. Transport in Plants