1. R. Chidambaram * Principal Scientific Adviser to GOI & DAE-Homi Bhabha Professor &P.S.Dhekne Raja Ramanna Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre * Keynote talk in the Internet 2 Spring Meeting, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 23 April, 2012

2. 2 Outline  History of Networking in India  Grid Computing (LHC Grid and GARUDA Grid)  Eu-IndiaGrid  Emergence of National Knowledge Network  e-Research and e-Science  International Links  Virtual Research Communities  Summary

3. 3 The EU-IndiaGrid Project Joining European and Indian grids for e-science Two year project started from Oct 2006 with BUDGET of 1208 k-EUR total fund out of which 1015.9 k-EUR from European Commission (5 Europe & 8 Indian partners) Two year project started from Oct 2006 with BUDGET of 1208 k-EUR total fund out of which 1015.9 k-EUR from European Commission (5 Europe & 8 Indian partners) Partners Partners INFN, ICTP, Cambridge Univerity, Gerr, MetawareINFN, ICTP, Cambridge Univerity, Gerr, Metaware BARC, TIFR, VECC, SINP, C-DAC, ERNET, NCBS, Pune UnivBARC, TIFR, VECC, SINP, C-DAC, ERNET, NCBS, Pune Univ GEANT- India Link 45 Mbps, soon raised to 100 – 175 Mbps and then to 2.5 Gbps through Trans Eurasia Info Network - 3GEANT- India Link 45 Mbps, soon raised to 100 – 175 Mbps and then to 2.5 Gbps through Trans Eurasia Info Network - 3

4. Cooperation with Global Virtual Research Communities (GVRCs) through projects like LHC Grid & EU-IndiaGrid gave India much needed impetus for creating an e-infrastructure within the country. The cooperation has been enhanced by two closely related EU-funded projects – EU-IndiaGrid2 and CHAIN. The World wide LHC computing Grid(WLCG) of CERN has also brought together India and the U.S through, e.g., the CMS Tier 2 Grid centre(now migrated to NKN) at TIFR and the CMS Tier 1 Centre at Fermilab. The data received by the latter is further distributed to Tier-2 and Tier-3 centres in the U.S. through the Esnet and Internet2. We would also like to harmonise the e-research infrastructures of India and the US e-Science & e-Research

5. 5 Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid (LCG) More than 140 computing centres More than 140 computing centres 12 large centres for primary data management: CERN (Tier-0) and eleven Tier-1s 12 large centres for primary data management: CERN (Tier-0) and eleven Tier-1s 38 federations of smaller Tier- 2 centres 38 federations of smaller Tier- 2 centres India – BARC, TIFR, VECC India – BARC, TIFR, VECC Relies on European (EGEE) and Open Science Grid of U.S(OSG) Grid Infrastructure Relies on European (EGEE) and Open Science Grid of U.S(OSG) Grid Infrastructure

6. 6 National Grid: Garuda by C-DAC The Proof of Concept of GARUDA was established in collaboration with ERNET The Proof of Concept of GARUDA was established in collaboration with ERNET Uses GT4, scheduler, monitoring tools Uses GT4, scheduler, monitoring tools Collaborative environment enabled through Video Conferencing over IP at the following centres of C-DAC : Bangalore, Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Trivandrum Collaborative environment enabled through Video Conferencing over IP at the following centres of C-DAC : Bangalore, Pune, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Trivandrum This project passed successfully from proof-of concept to foundation phase and now a phase 3 (Grid Technology services for operational phase of Garuda) has been approved. Major locations of Garuda migrated to NKN.

7. NKN is a state-of-the-art multi-gigabit pan-India network: www.nkn.in ► 9 th April 2009: President of India Inaugurated the NKN Project. ► 16 PoP ► 26 Backbone Links ► 57 Edge Links ► 100 Crores allocated in 2008 budget ► Completed in ¾ year Connect R & D, educational, health, agri, labs institutes etc.. NIC working as the Project Execution Agency Idea of setting NKN was finalized at the Office of PSA & NKC. 1500+ institutes in final phase GoI approved a budget of INR 5990 crores for NKN in March, 2010 Emergence of NKN ► 5th March, 2011: Launched the Logo & Website of NKN ► 27 PoP ► 76 Backbone Links ► 216 Edge Links

8. NKN Project Management High Level Com DITTAC Grid Appln Com Security Adv Imp Com Policy e_Gov Com NIC Climate Change, HEP, Bio, Agriculture, S&T NKN - PIU Implementing Agency Dr. B.K.Gairola, DG, NIC Prof P.S.Dhekne Dr. R.Chidambaram, PSA to GOI Prof S.V.Raghavan R.S.Mani, Project Director NICSI G.P.Srivastava Dr. B.K.Gairola Prof S.V.Raghavan Model Projects Eval Com

9. NKN Topology The Core: 7 Supercore locations pan India with fully meshed Multi-10 Gbps connectivity and 24 Core locations having Multi-10 Gbps partially meshed connectivity with Supercore locations. Will be raised to 40/100 Gbps as demand rises The distribution layer connects to the core of the network using multiple links at speeds of 2.5 / 10 Gbps. The Edge networks are having connectivity upto a speed of 1 Gbps.

10. ► 31 PoP ► 89 Backbone Links ► 1500 Edge Links ► More than 774 connections by April 2012 National Knowledge Network On Conclusion of Final Phase Courtesy: R.S. Mani, NIC Regional and International Research Collaboration can be enhanced by connecting such Knowledge Networks Aims to connect all Knowledge Institutions in India through a high-speed all-optical fibre low-latency network NKN-like Networks needed for Sustainable Development

11. NK N NKN APPLICATIONS NKN e-Classroom NKN Webcasting Remote Experiment Climate Change High Energy Physics Engineering Research Collaboration: Complex Systems from Nuclear to orthodontics (Collab CAD platform)

12. Virtual Lab via NKN A Laboratory without walls HBNI, Mumbai * ESRF (FIP), Grenoble, France 2.5 Gbps TEIN3 link Geant Organic Synthesis X-Ray Diffraction Pattern Atomic level Structure 1 Gbps NKN Data Bases Drug- resistant HIV -1 Protease Enzyme Crystallography experiments with the remote access & control of experimental facility (a beamline within the ESRF Synchrotron) in Grenoble, France directly from Mumbai, India * There are more than a dozen such labs available for remote operation, out of which 6 labs are in USA

13. Support specific user communities: Climate Change RegCM3 ROMS Exp-0 Exp-15 Climate Change prediction of the Indian summer monsoon

14. (Cross-fertilization of Information Technology and Neuroscience) The project envisages linking, through a Grid-based e- infrastructure (NKN and CANARIE), Indian Medical Imaging Centres and Canadian Medical Imaging Centres through two hubs: National Brain Rsearch Centre, NCR Delhi and Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University, Montreal – with special reference to epilepsy, stroke, brain tumours and dementia. C – Brain Global Brain I - Brain

15. www.nkn.in