1. History of HIV First appeared in USA in early 1980’s
Originated in Africa
The HIV virus in humans evolved from a virus in these primates:
1. Sooty mangabey monkey
2. Chimps
The virus is called SIV:
Simian Immunodeficiency
Virus

2. What is HIV? HIV is an RNA virus HIV infects the T cells
T cells help fight off infections
HIV is a type of “Hidden Virus”

3. HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus
The four major routes of transmission:
Unprotected sex
2. Contaminated needles
3. Breast milk
4. Transmission from an infected
mother to her baby at birth
Blood transfusions are not longer a problem
HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV destroys a part of the immune system.
It affects T-cells which are white
blood cells
These white blood cells fight
viruses, bacteria and help prevent diseases.

4. The 4 major routes of transmission of HIV:
1. Unprotected sex
2. Contaminated needles
3. Breast milk
4. Transmission from an infected
mother to her baby at birth
* Blood transfusions are not longer a problem

5. AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIDS is the diseases caused by HIV or
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
When too many T cells are destroyed by HIV they can no longer fight off infections
The individual now has the disease called AIDS
Person can have AIDS for years and not know it. Why is this
dangerous?????
Human T lymphocytes (T cells) Magnification 2,600x

6. AIDS and other diseases
People with AIDS get other diseases and infections
1. Cancer – Kaposi's sarcoma
2. Hepatitis C
3. Fungal infections
4. Bacterial infection
5. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – blood cancer involving Lymphocytes
6. Lung Cancer
7. Cancer in the digestive tract

7. AIDS PREVALANCE (Who has AIDS)
In 2005 Worldwide:
Close to 40 million people worldwide are infected
Almost 4 million people were infected in 2005
65% of AIDS victims live in sub-Saharan Africa
* 70% of these victims are WOMEN
Close to 15 million children are orphans
due to AIDS
In the U.S.
1 – 1.2 million people have AIDS
25% may not even know they are infected

8. Is there a cure for AIDS? Unfortunately NO!!!!
But, there are drugs that can stop HIV from causing more damage to the T-cells and the immune system.
These are called Antiviral drugs
What can you do to prevent HIV from spreading?????

9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV
HIV infection.
Release of HIV mature virus from a T cell lymphocyte
Nucleus of T cell: Pink
Cytoplasm of T cell: Purple
RNA virus, Retroviridae Family
Magnification: x14,555

10. Electron microscope pictures of HIV
HIV infection.
Mature virus and budding release of HIV in human lymph tissue
Magnification: x14,555
Magnification: x17,545

11. Q: Which cells of the immune system does the HIV virus destroys?
Review Questions
Q: Which cells of the immune system does the HIV virus destroys?
A: T-Cells
Q: What are the 4 major routes of transmission?
A: Unprotected sex
Sharing contaminated needles
Breast milk
From mother to her unborn baby
Q: What is the name of the disease caused by HIV?
A: AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Q: What kind of a virus is HIV? DNA or RNA
A: RNA

12. Q: What happens when too many T cells are destroyed?
A: The person gets AIDS and other diseases
Q: Name 3 other diseases or infections that people with AIDS
can get?
A: Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lung cancer Infections
Q: Is there cure for AIDS?
A: Not at the present time but scientists are working
very hard. Will you be the scientist who discovers
the cure?????
Q: Is there any treatment?
A: Yes, antiviral drugs are now available to help patients live
longer lives