1. + Techniques Bank 1 - Please copy into back of jotters Simile Describing something by saying it is like something else Metaphor Describing something by saying it is something else Oxymoron Two opposite words placed next to each other Alliteration Repeating the same sound close together at the start of words Sibilance Repeated S sound close together Juxtaposition Placing two contrasting images or ideas together

2. + © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Essay Writing for Int 2 Glasgow 5 th March 1971 Or how tp do a critical essay without embarrassing anyone.

3. + Aim of this lesson: 1. To show me what the examiners are looking for 2. To help me understand how to get an A in my critical essay 3. To help me organise my ideas 4. To help me to use PETAL © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com

4. + What the examiners are looking for 1. Understanding – am I showing I understand what the writer is trying to do? 2. Analysis – can I spot and name the techniques used? 3. Evaluation – can I form a personal opinion about the ideas in the text and support it with quotes? 4. Expression – can I write in a way that is clear and stylish? © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com

5. + How to get an A 1. Show a clear line of argument that answers the question 2. Use quotes from the text to prove you are right 3. Show understanding of what the writer is trying to do 4. Write clearly and without any spelling or punctuation mistakes © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com

6. + The question Choose a poem which describes a scene or incident vividly. Briefly state what is being described and then go on to show how the poetic techniques used make the description vivid. You should refer to the text and to such relevant features as: word choice, tone, imagery, structure, rhythm, theme, sound, ideas... © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com

7. + Step 1: Mind Mapping © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid?

8. + Step 1: Mind Mapping © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? Seems like true story Clear visual imagery blood pain Realistic characters violence Present tense Newspaper headline Everyday place but dark and wet Innocent victims Faceless criminals Society just drives by

9. + Step 2: How to PETAL © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? The ideas will become paragraphs in your essay Each paragraph follows a simple structure: P E T A L

10. + Step 2: How to PETAL © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? 1. Point 2. Evidence 3. Technique 4. Analysis 5. Link back to question

11. + Step 2: How to use PETAL © Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? 1. Point (what I will show in this paragraph) 2. Evidence (quote from the poem) 3. Technique (the technique used that youre discussing) 4. Analysis (explain how this proves my point, unpack any techniques, and give a personal reaction to them) 5. Link back to question (show how this answers the question)

12. + Step 2: How to use PETAL: example © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? In Glasgow, 5 th March 1971, the poet creates a particularly vivid description of a violent incident. One of the most powerful ways he does this is by describing the injuries to the victims: The young mans face is bristling with fragments of glass Morgan uses a metaphor to create a disturbing picture of the young mans face. The shards of glass seem to make a beard, there are so many. This is effective because it shows us how many pieces are embedded, and how he will be scarred. This horrible image is one of the ways the scene is made vivid and memorable.

13. + Step 2: How to use PETAL Glasgow 5 th – how is the scene made vivid? In Glasgow, 5 th March 1971, the poet creates a particularly vivid description of a violent incident. One of the most powerful ways he does this is by describing the injuries to the victims: The young mans face is bristling with fragments of glass Morgan uses a metaphor to create a disturbing picture of the young mans face. The shards of glass seem to make a beard, there are so many. This is effective because it shows us how many pieces are embedded, and how he will be scarred. This horrible image is one of the ways the scene is made vivid and memorable. PETALPETAL

14. + A Quotation Sandwich? In Glasgow, 5 th March 1971, the poet creates a particularly vivid description of a violent incident. One of the most powerful ways he does this is by describing the injuries to the victims: The young mans face is bristling with fragments of glass Morgan uses a metaphor to create a disturbing picture of the young mans face. The shards of glass seem to make a beard, there are so many. This is effective because it shows us how many pieces are embedded, and how he will be scarred. This horrible image is one of the ways the scene is made vivid and memorable. PETALPETAL

15. + A Quotation Sandwich? In Glasgow, 5 th March 1971, the poet creates a particularly vivid description of a violent incident. One of the most powerful ways he does this is by describing the injuries to the victims: The young mans face is bristling with fragments of glass Morgan uses a metaphor to create a disturbing picture of the young mans face. The shards of glass seem to make a beard, there are so many. This is effective because it shows us how many pieces are embedded, and how he will be scarred. This horrible image is one of the ways the scene is made vivid and memorable. cracker cheese PETALPETAL

16. + Technique Bank 2 - Please copy into back of jotters Hyperbole Deliberate exaggeration for comic or dramatic effect Litotes Deliberate understatement for comic or dramatic effect Connotation Meanings, ideas and feelings associated with a word Rhythm A repeated beat or tempo or regularity to text Denotation The literal meaning of a word Rhyme Repeated sounds within a text

17. + Technique Bank 3 - Please copy into back of jotters © www.mrsharpetheteacher.com Assonance Repeating the same sounds within words close together Euphemism Saying offensive things in a nicer way Personification Giving human characteristics to inhuman things Onomatopoeia Words that mimic the sound they describe Pathetic Fallacy Using events such as weather or other action to show dramatic content of a text

18. + Technique Bank 4 - Please copy into back of jotters Protagonist Main character of a text: usually the goodie! Antagonist Person in a text who causes conflict for the protagonist: usually the baddie! Monologue When one character speaks alone and uninterrupted to the audience or reader Tone The mood or feeling of a text – could be angry, sarcastic etc Stanza A verse in poetry Symbolism When a thing is used to represent an idea – like sweets for Wilfred represents his temptation.

19. + Technique Bank 5 - Please copy into back of jotters Olfactory Imagery appealing to sense of smell Auditory Imagery appealing to sense of hearing Visual Imagery appealing to sense of sight Tactile Imagery appealing to sense of touch Characteristics The different parts of a person from a text which make them seem real Repetition Using the same words or ideas more than once close together, for emphatic effect