1. Shared-mobility solutions in Britain Scott Le Vine slevine@imperial.ac.uk Imperial College and Carplus ORIGAMI Project Final Conference 17 th April 2013 1

2. 2 What is shared-mobility? Access to use a car (or bicycle, scooter, aeroplane, etc.) on pay-as-you-go principles Self-drive (like car hire), rather than professional driver (like a taxi service) Like car hire: round-trip or one-way usage, pre- book or spontaneous Radically different regime of ‘auto-mobility’, as compared to private vehicle ownership

3. 3 start work move in with partner scrap car 2 retirement actual household car access optimum/desired household car access Life course Cars owned by household access ‘deficit’ access ‘surplus’ 0 1 2 pass test move house acquire car 2 Clark et al. (2009) Cars come in integers

4. Shared-assets or accessed-assets? http://www.ethiopiahewitt.com/projects/booth/ http://www.whitbread.co.uk/whitbread/media/newspressreleases/individualnewsarticle/pre mierinnnewplanningpermissionsrecord.html http://www.privategpbrighton.co.uk/taxi.html http://cloudcomputingcompaniesnow.com/

5. 5 Who is interested? Carmakers: Traditional markets are in decline Car hire industry: Evolution of their core business, made possible by IT revolution Public authorities: Parking needs/impacts (revenues), GHG impacts, traffic conditions, use of active travel, accessibility-to-services, etc. Land developers: Reduced on-site parking needs

6. 6 HotelOwned home

7. 7 Unpacking “shared-mobility” Cost structure: Trade-off between fixed and usage costs. Very high degree of variabilisation. Maintenance: Professional standards Insurance: [nearly] impossible to drive without insurance. But potentially discriminatory. Tracking/monitoring: Usage data tracked in real-time (then stored)

8. 8 Vulnerabilities Reliance on central node (server) Reliance on wireless communication network End users must accept ‘operator risk’ Operators must accept ‘public sector risk’ Not: Blown head gasket, or brakes need servicing, or car theft

9. 9 Example of public sector risk

10. 10 Research needs Predictive capacity urgently required Integrate shared-mobility into household travel surveys Reconcile stated (cf. Firnkorn 2011/2) and forecast impacts with observed network flows, parking demands, etc. Methods required to predict both ‘end-state’ and growth trajectory Incorporate within vertically-integrated travel/activity models

11. 11 Where are we going? Three thoughts 1.Look West...and East 2.Service differentiation 3.Increasing price sophistication 2006 2012 Shaheen & Cohen 2012

12. 12 Where should we go? Three thoughts 1.Figure out how to address the ‘young adult’ market (requires liaising with insurance industry) 2.Identify and solve barriers to serving socially-excluded groups 3.Allow operators to experiment in controlled ways (pilot projects, etc.)