1. “Unresolved Business”
World War II
“Unresolved Business”

2. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
Definition
Examples

3. Japan Emperor Hirohito General Hideki Tojo
Support of Hitler and Mussolini
Extreme Nationalists
General Hideki Tojo
Wartime Prime Minister

4. Spain Francisco Franco Fascist leader during Spanish Civil War
Supported by Hitler and Mussolini
Overthrew monarchy, Franco becomes leader

5. Italy
Fascism- new militant, political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader
Benito Mussolini (Il Duce)
Black Shirts attack Communists and Socialists
Abolished democracy and outlawed other political parties
Government censors

6. The Black Shirts were a paramilitary squad organized in Italy by dictator Benito Mussolini in 1919.

7. Russia Joseph Stalin “Man of steel” Perfect Communist State Propaganda
Agriculture- no private farms
Industry- build massive gov’t owned factories, steel mills, power plants
5 Year Plans- attempt to build up economy
Propaganda
Russian Rights- they had NONE!!
Police State
Great Purge- “enemies of the people”

8. Collective Farm

10. Compare Differences: Lenin vs. Stalin
Goal: create a classless society
Allow some private business; let some peasants hold land
Standard of living rises for many workers and peasants
Goal: make USSR into a modern industrial power with all production under gov’t control
Creates a command economy
Brings all agriculture under gov’t control w/ peasant group farms
Standard of living falls for most workers

11. Germany Adolf Hitler (der Fuhrer)
National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Nazism
Beer Hall Putsch
Chancellor

12. Germany cont’d Beliefs
“Master Race” – Aryans = blue-eyed, blond-hair Germans
“Inferior Races” – Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Catholics, homosexuals, handicapped, and opponents of Hitler
Lebensraum – “living space,” Germany wanted to gain land for German speaking people
Third Reich – Third Empire to “last thousand years.”
Military – Hitler started to raise an army, navy, and air force. This was against the Treaty of Versailles.

14. The Schutzstaffel, or SS, was the most feared organization
The Schutzstaffel, or SS, was the most feared organization. The SS was responsible for running the Nazi concentration camps and extermination centers. New members of the SS are sworn in at a midnight ceremony.

15. Swastika The swastika is the Aryan symbol for the Sun!
It’s ‘even-ness’ balances its-self out, like Yin- Yang.
It was used by Hitler

16. Causes of WWII Hitler’s Aims The aggression of Hitler’s Allies
Democratic powers were passive
The League of Nations failed

17. Japan’s Dominance Manchuria- 1931 Withdraws from League of Nations
China
Rape of Nanjing- brutal invasion of Chinese mainland (1937)

18. Japanese Troops Enter Manchuria

19. Hirohito Reviews the Troops

20. Nanjing

22. Italian Invasion Italy takes over Ethiopia-1936
Stop sale of weapons/materials to Italy

23. Hitler’s Defiance of Treaty
Rebuild army
Rhineland- 1936
Took over Austria (1938), Sudetenland (1938), and Czechoslovakia (1939)

24. German Troops in Cologne in the 1930s
German Chancellor Adolf Hitler built up Germany’s armed forces and sent troops into the Rhineland and Austria. Hitler’s forces then seized Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, and France.

26. War Starts Munich Conference
European democracies agreed that Germany would control Sudetenland to prevent war
Nonaggression Pact (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
Agreement 1 – To split Poland
Agreement 2 – To agree not to attack each other. Eliminates possibility of 2 front war.
Blitzkrieg – “lightning war,” take enemy by surprise and quickly crush opponent with overwhelming force
Stalin Annexes – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, & Finland.
Europe – Germany overran Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Belgium

27. Key Leaders/Groups Teams and Leaders Axis – Germany, Italy, and Japan
Allies – Great Britain, USSR, France, & USA
Presidents
European Commander
Pacific Commander

28. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

30. Western Democracy Failure to Halt AggressionUS
Cuts Oil Off To Japan
Neutrality Acts – laws to prevent the US from selling arms or making loans to countries at war.
Appeasement- Britain and France

33. Hitler’s Lightning War
Blitzkrieg
Soviet Move
Invaded Poland, annexed
Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
Finland

34. Result of German Blitzkrieg on Poland- September 1,1939

35. Turning Points in the war
Britain and France declare war on Germany for invading Poland
France Falls
Italian and German troops attack France
Paris – Germans entered Paris in 6 weeks
Free French – French gov’t in exile worked to liberate their homeland
Battle of Britain – Germany bombed London, but Britain never gave up (Sept 1940)

36. Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle

38. Turning Points cont’d Germany wins most of Europe in 6 weeks
USA Enters (1941)
Common Beliefs – USA/ Britain both against Nazi aggression
Weapons – US sells/ leases weapons to Britain
US bans sale of war materials to Japan
Pearl Harbor
“A day that will live in infamy”- December 7, 1941
Crippled US fleet in one blow
Reason- cutting off oil

41. Pearl Harbor Attack

42. Pearl Harbor Attack

43. Pearl Harbor Attack

44. Japanese Kamikaze Attack
Kamikaze, which in Japanese means “divine wind,” were suicide squadrons organized by the Japanese air force in the last months of World War II. Pilots flew their aircraft, loaded with explosives, directly into U.S. naval vessels. Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing their lives in a last-ditch effort to stop the American advance, sank about 40 U.S. ships.

45. FDR talking to Congress

46. Areas of War
Europe
North Africa
Pacific
Two-Front War

47. The Allies Strike Back Allies Turn the Tide of War
Allies stop Japanese southward expansion
The Battle of Midway
Allies crippled Japanese fleet
“revenge for Pearl Harbor;” outnumbered 4 to 1, US beat Japanese
The Allies go on the Offensive
“island-hopping”

48. The Allies Are Victorious
The Allies Plan for Victory
Tide Turns on Two Fronts
North African Campaigns
Battle of El Alamein (1942)- British/ American forces trap Rommel’s army and he surrendered
General Erwin Rommel gained many victories in N Africa
Invasion of Italy – victory in N Africa allowed for Allies to land in Italy (7/ 1943)

49. Field Marshall Erwin Rommel

50. French Troops in North Africa
The engaged in several successful battles, led by General Philippe Leclerc, against Axis forces led by German General Erwin Rommel. In May 1943, after months of fighting, the Allies were able to force the final surrender of German and Italian troops in North Africa.

51. German U-Boat

52. B-17 Bomber

55. Allied Advances
Allied Troops – ferried across English Channel and land on beaches of Normandy, France
German Defenses – broken and Allies advance toward Paris to free it from German control
After Paris, Allies head to Germany

56. Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943)
Turning Point for Soviets
Germans – invade Soviet Union in 1941
Stalled – German troops stopped outside of Moscow and Leningrad (head to Stalingrad)
German Troops – surrender because of freezing winter
Red Army – drove Germans out of Soviet Union and advance toward Germany

57. German’s Freeze in Battle of Stalingrad

58. Defense of Stalingrad
In the ruins of Stalingrad, shown here, Soviet soldiers fought the Germans building-by-building in a savage battle for the city that lasted for five months.

59. Life on Allied Home Fronts
Mobilizing for Total War
Women
Military
Workplace
Rosie the Riveter
After the War

60. America’s Women go to Work
After America’s entrance into World War II, military production in the United States increased. Many women took jobs or volunteered in staffing weapons factories, earning the nickname of “Rosie the Riveter.” Intense rationing efforts of certain foods and materials, such as rubber and metals, were also enacted to feed America’s war machine.

61. Rosie the Riveter

63. Japanese Americans Relocation
Executive Order 9066 – established military zones for the imprisonment of Japanese Americans
Why – Americans feared Japanese Americans presented a threat to national security
German/Italian descent – no similar action taken

65. Japanese Internment

66. Japanese Internment

67. Japanese Internment

68. The Holocaust Begins Hitler’s “Final Solution”
Kristallnacht- “Night of Broken Glass
Flood of Refugees
Isolating the Jews
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
Mass killings begin
The Final Stage- Mass Extermination
The Survivors

69. Map of Kristallnacht

70. Kristallnacht

71. Burning Synagogue

72. Jewish Refugees Leave Germany
Nazi soldiers jeer as this Jewish family leaves Memel, Germany, en route to Lithuania on April 6, 1939.

73. Concentration Camp Map

74. Glasses from Auschwitz

75. Israel
After WWII, the Allies (specifically Great Britain), created the country of Israel for Jews to have a ‘safe’ homeland. The problem was that the land used to create Israel was known as Palestine – an area controlled by Arabs.

76. Diplomacy
Atlantic Charter
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference

78. Ending the War FDR Dies - Before war is over, Truman takes over Europe
D-Day – US/ British Invasion of Europe
Battle of the Bulge – little movement, but Germans lost irreplaceable troops, tanks, guns, and planes
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender (V-E Day- 1945)
FDR Dies - Before war is over, Truman takes over

79. Invasion of Normandy
A force of about 120,00 Allied soldiers were supported by more than 20,000 paratroopers. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history. Germans were take by surprise, because they expected an invasion to come from farther north, near Calais, at the narrowest part of the English Channel.

80. D-Day Troops

81. D-Day

82. The Battle of the Bulge was the last German offensive of World War II
The Battle of the Bulge was the last German offensive of World War II. It was launched at the end of 1944 in an attempt to divide the British and American forces and retake the seaport of Antwerp, in Belgium. Shown here are German troops.

83. Manhattan Project- creation of Atom Bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Created
Use it or not
Pro – Save millions of American lives in war
Con – Destruction and effects of bomb

84. Interesting Fact:
Einstein himself decided to write President Roosevelt to make him aware of the critical challenge that nuclear power posed and the need to develop atomic weaponry before the Germans did. This led to the idea of the Manhattan Project, in Los Alamos, NM.
Einstein did not work on the project, but his theories were used.

86. Atomic Bomb Dropped Truman makes decision Hiroshima Nagasaki V-J Day
Dropped By – Enola Gay
Nagasaki
Bombs Names – Little Boy and Fat Man
V-J Day

87. An Atomic Bomb

88. B-29 Bomber

89. Enola Gay

91. Aftermath of Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima
The blast destroyed 68 percent of the city and damaged another 24 percent, and an estimated 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or reported missing, according to United States estimates.

92. Hiroshima After the Bomb

93. Post- war Japan Occupation – 6 yr, reformed economy/ gov’t
MacArthur Constitution – democratic constitution, still used today
War Crimes – Tojo and others tried and 7 sentenced to death/ others jailed.

94. Japanese Surrender
Japanese officials formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, aboard the United States battleship Missouri. Japan's surrender brought an end to World War II ( ).

96. Impact of WWII Human Losses
75 million people
Stalin killed 15 million
Economic Losses- parts of Europe and Asia destroyed by war
Nuremberg Trials
22 surviving Nazi leaders tried for “crimes against humanity”
Showed leaders could be held accountable for actions

97. Impact cont’d Occupied Nations United Nations To prevent another war
W. Nations- occupied Japan and W. Germany (democratic governments)
Soviets occupied Eastern Europe (communist governments)
United Nations
Provided place to discuss world problems and develop solutions
General Assembly- includes representatives from all member nations with one vote each
Security Council- 15 member nations; 5 permanent (US, Russia, France, Britain, & China)

100. Now what is going to happen in the world????