1. Principles of designing for the bicycle John Franklin Cycling Skills & Safety Consultant

2. Core principles Conservation of momentum Even surfaces Maximise visibility Personal space Secondary defence Make it legal

3. Conservation of momentum Each stop = 100 metres travel Each person has optimum rate of pedalling Direct, easy routes that minimise stopping and accommodate likely speeds

4. TYPICAL CYCLING SPEEDS (on the level)

5. Even surfaces Poor surfaces destroy momentum Comfort and safety considerations

6. Observation and Visibility Looking ahead easy (eye movement) Looking behind more difficult (head movement) and less stable

7. Observation and visibility A common cause of crashes

8. Personal space For comfort and safety To provide margin for ‘drift’ and error

9. Personal space

10. More space needed if: Traffic speeds > 30mph High-sided vehicles Strong wind or heavy rain

11. Personal space

12. Secondary Defence No-one should be hurt because they make a single error of judgement

13. Make it legal