1. NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE
Emotional Intelligence (EI) in the Military Curriculum By
Ms Lily Wisker

2. Scope Concept of EI EI and Leadership Performance
EI and Military Leadership
Myth of EI
EI in Military Curriculum
Conclusion
Questions

3. Concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI)
Theory of EI –by Harvard Psychologist, Howard Gardner, 1983
Based on “Social Intelligence Concept” by Thordike, 1920
Developed from neuro-psychology and neuro-science - focuses on connection and circuitry in the brain that regulates emotions

4. Definitions of EI
Bar- On (1997) - An array of non-cognitive skills. A set of emotional and social capabilities that influences one’s general ability to effectively face her/his environment’s demand
Goleman (1995; 1998) – Competencies that may develop through learning and is increased with age and linked with maturity
Mayer, Caruso & Salovey (1997; 2000; 2002) – Ability to accurately, perceive and express emotions of oneself and the emotions of others

5. EI and Leadership Effectiveness
Positive association with managerial performance (Cote & Miners, 2007; Dulewicz, Young & Dulewicz, 2005; Semadar et al., 2006)
Better predictor of success than general intelligence, IQ (Goleman, 998; Pellitteri, 2002)
Ability to exercise self-control ( Barling, et al., 2000)
Encourage creative and innovative thinking (Isen, et al., 1987)
Ability to inspire and motivate morale of subordinates (George, 2000)

6. EI and Military Leadership
EI too “soft, civilian and wimpy image” – mistaken perception (Abrahams, 2007)
“Leadership is about INFLUENCING” people (FM22-100, 1999, p. 4-6)
Success on operations depend more on morale of people than on material advantages (NZDDP –D, 2004, p. 6-12)
Conceptual link between EI and transformational leadership – military context (Livingstone, et al., 2002)

7. Myth of EI Elusive and vague concept (Davies, et al., 1998)
More myth than science (Matthew, 2002)
Concept and measures are not coherent
Bar –On, 1997
Goleman, 1995; 1998
Mayer, Caruso & Salovey, 1997; 2000; 2002
Association of EI and leadership effectiveness not consistent

8. EI in Military Curriculum
EI Constructs
Has roots in social intelligence
Interpersonal and intrapersonal domains
Not personality traits
Develop with age
EI does not work in isolation
Feed both EI and Cognitive Skills into curriculum
What level of leadership needs EI?
Developing EI
Short seminars and workshops
Intensive coaching
Relevant feedback
Personal development

9. Conclusion Emotional Intelligence and Military Curriculum
An idea whose time has come
However
Be Cautious

10. Question?? Know the Other and Know Yourself:
One Hundred Challenges without Danger;
Know Not the Other and Yet Know Yourself:
One Triumph for One Defeat;
Know Not the Other and Know Not Yourself:
Every Challenge is Certain a Peril;
Sun Tzu, Art of War