2. The Secession Crisis Election of 1860 – Lincoln 20 December 1860 – South Carolina secedes 1 February 1861 – six other Southern states join South Carolina February 1861 – The Confederate States of America is established Why this form of government? What problems might arise?

3. The Secession Crisis Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas - will secede if the federal government acts against the Confederacy with force Why secede now? South feared economic power of North – secession would liberate the South Patriotic feelings destroyed by sectional differences Fear federal government would flood South with unfriendly officials

4. The Secession Crisis Northern viewpoint – South not serious Southern viewpoint – North would not fight President Buchanan Jefferson Davis chosen by Confederacy President Buchanan

5. Lincoln Nation tense between election (Nov) and inauguration (March) Was Lincoln capable? Would he fight for the Union? Incoming Cabinet was balanced – with all views concerning issue represented William Seward – Sec. State – moderate Salmon P. Chase – Sec. Treasury – radical

6. Fort Sumter Most US property in South seized by Confederacy Forts Sumter and Pickens Still in US hands Most Northerners did not want them surrendered without a fight Reinforcement might result in bloodshed that might make reconciliation impossible Lincoln finally ordered food shipments to Fort Sumter – South would not allow – fired on the fort 12 April 1861

7. Fort Sumter

9. The attack prompted Lincoln to call for 75,000 volunteers This request prompted Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee to secede Union troops transiting Baltimore were attacked – Lincoln himself had to sneak through to get to the capital Lincoln rested conflict on preservation of the Union. Why not the abolition of slavery?

11. BlueGray Population = >20 millionPopulation = 9 million (including 3.5 million slaves) Nine times as much manufacturing as South Little manufacturing Larger railroad systemSmall railroad system Merchant marine and navyLittle to no merchant marine or navy Northern reliance on Southern markets Provided 3/4 of worlds cotton Invasion and defeat of South mandatory War need only be one of defense Officer problemsMilitary heritage - officers Lincolns personalityDavis personality

12. Important Battles Bull Run (First Manassas) Battle of the Ironclads Shiloh Seven Days Battles o Gaines Mill o Malvern Hill o Mechanicsville Antietam Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Vicksburg

13. Important Battles Gettysburg New York Draft Riots Fort Wagner / Blacks in the Union Army Chickamauga Chattanooga Wilderness Campaign Cold Harbor Siege of Petersburg

14. Important Battles Mobile Bay Atlanta Campaign Franklin-Nashville Shermans March to the Sea Appomattox (Battle & Surrender)Appomattox Assassination of Lincoln

15. Important Events The Emancipation Proclamation Radical Congress pushing abolition Lincoln saw emancipation as military tool and way to appeal to liberal Europeans Military victory at Antietam allowed proclamation The Draft Riots Erupted after passage of Conscription Act Allowed exemptions in exchange for bounty Most rioters Irish immigrants – why?

16. Assignment Students will research and write two short papers (at least two pages) on a battle of their choice. The paper will cover: Commanders on both sides Objectives of both sides (what did they want to do) Brief summary of the battle Casualties incurred Outcome of the battle

17. 1.Introduction 2.Commanders (North and South) 3.Objectives (North and South) 4.The Battle 5.Casualties 6.Outcome / Impact

18. Economic and Social Effects Inflation and labor shortages in South Blockade of Southern ports Manufacturing and agriculture in North boomed Continuous immigration into North provided labor and soldiers Copperheads Lincoln and the law Sons of Erin

19. Women in Wartime Manufacturing and business Agriculture Patriotism and shame

20. Women in Wartime Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, you are a funny creature; You have brought into this cruel war a new and curious feature. You would have us think while every man was born to be a fighter, The women, bless the pretty dears, should save their pee for niter. Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, where did you get the notion, To send your barrels round the town to gather up the lotion? We thought the girls had work enough in making shirts and kissing; But now youve put the pretty dears to patriotic pissing. Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, pray do invent a neater And somewhat less immodest mode of making your saltpeter. The thing is so very queer, you know, gunpowder-like and cranky, That when a woman lifts her skirts she shoots a bloody Yankee.

21. Women in Wartime Jon Haralson, Jon Haralson, weve read in song and story That womens tears in all these years have sprinkled fields of glory; But never did we know before that midst these scenes of slaughter, Your Southern beauties dried their tears and went to making water. No wonder, Jon, your boys are brave, who would not be a fighter, if every time he fired his gun he used his sweethearts niter? And, vice-versa, what could make a Yankee soldier sadder, Than dodging bullets fired from a pretty womans bladder. They say there is a subtle smell that lingers in the powder, And when the smoke grows thicker and the din of battle louder, That there is found in this compound this serious objection:

22. Assignment Groups will research a specific battle and create a presentation that: Explains the flow of the battle Identifies the major players (generals, etc) Shows interesting facts Shows a map of the battle Explains how the battle impacted the war Groups will turn in list of members showing what each member contributed END 3-D Pictures

25. 3D Pictures