1. Introduction to Phonetics & Phonology Dr S.J. Hannahs Lecture 1 -- SEL1006/SEL8117 Semester 1, 2009-10 Newcastle University

2. Structure of the module One hour lecture per week One hour seminar per week (compulsory) End-of-semester two-hour exam in January

3. What is phonetics?

4. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds.

5. What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics)

6. What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics) b) their physical characteristics (acoustic phonetics)

7. What is phonetics? Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics) b) their physical characteristics (acoustic phonetics) and c) how they’re perceived (auditory phonetics).

8. What is phonetics? In this module we’ll concentrate on: a) how they’re produced (articulatory phonetics)

9. Sound/symbol correspondence

10. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system

11. Consider written English

12. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough

13. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through

14. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough

15. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought

16. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough

17. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think

18. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those

19. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle

20. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle thong

21. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle thong church

22. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle thong church chemistry

23. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle thong church chemistry loch

24. Sound/symbol correspondence The need for a transcription system Consider written English enough through thorough thought bough think those thistle thong church chemistry lochCheryl

25. International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Devised in the 19th Century to help describe the sounds of languages independently of a language’s orthography (= writing system). Under continuous revision. Last major revision was in 1993.

26. Sound/symbol correspondence enough through thorough thought bough [ ʌ f] [u:] [ ə] [ ɔ :] [a ʊ ] think those thistle thong [θ] [ð] [θ] [θ] church chemistry loch Cheryl [t ʃ ] [k] [x] [ ʃ ]

27. Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing Don’t be influenced by English spelling!! Transcribe what is, not what ‘ought’ to be For instance, speech sounds can influence neighbouring sounds: i[n] Newcastle i[m] Bolton i[ŋ] Carlisle Trust your ears, not your years of education!!

28. Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing Remember: a word in isolation may be spoken differently to a word in connected speech to = [tu:] give it to him = [g ɪ v ɪ t tə ɪ m]

29. Transcription – the art of reducing speech to writing Remember: a word in isolation may be spoken differently to a word in connected speech to = [tu:] give it to him = [g ɪ v ɪ t tə ɪ m] compare

30. International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Nota bene! The current IPA chart appears in Davenport & Hannahs (2005:xvi)

31. Seminars Will begin next week, not this week Next week’s seminar exercises will be: Exx 1- 5, in Davenport & Hannahs, Ch. 2, p.17 In the meantime, read Chapters 1 & 2 of Davenport & Hannahs