1. An Introduction

2. Using Symbols to Communicate The first stage of true writing began with picture writing, or Pictography.

3. The second stage began with idea symbols which could express abstract ideas, Hieroglyphics. Picture writing and idea symbols were eventually altered by the use of symbols linked to the sound of the word. This is called Phonography.

4. Phonograhy led eventually to the development of the alphabet and to modern day writing. Pictography is still used today in the form of bliss symbols and allows nonverbal, physically challenged individuals to communicate their thoughts.

5. Bliss Symbols

6. Nonverbal Communications: Nonverbal communications are transmitted in many ways such as: 1) Body language 2) Eye contact 3) Touching 4) Clothing

7. The five elements of communication are: 1) Speaker ( sender of message) 2) Listener ( Receiver of message) 3) Message 4) Feedback 5) Noise

8. Barriers to communication: 1) Gender 2) Cultural 3) Language usage ie. Slang, jargon ( a kind of speech full of unfamiliar and uncommon words) 4) Personal feelings,emotions and beliefs. Slang: Language used with an uncertain origin ( ex cellar= basement, fag = homosexual Jargon: Distorted language used by a certain group of people. ( ie dude = surfers)