1. THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS obj: To see how the Franks ruled their kingdom by looking at the assimilation of Gallo-Roman, Germanic and Christian influences

2. INFLUENCE OF MAYOR OF THE PALACE CHARLES MARTEL

3. RISE OF CHARLES MARTEL
CLOVIS’ DEATH ALLOWS MAYOR OF THE PALACE TO EXPAND POWER AT THE EXPENSE OF THE KING’S POWER.
714 CM BECOMES MAYOR OF THE PALACE – MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
732 BATTLE OF POITIERS – DEFEAT MUSLIM ADVANCE INTO WESTERN EUROPE – “THE HAMMER”
741 DIES & SON PEPIN TAKES OVER AS MAYOR OF THE PALACE – VIRTUAL RULE OVER MEROVINGIAN EMPIRE
SON DEPOSED MEROVINGIANS WITH PAPAL PERMISSION & ASSUMED KINGSHIP FOR HIS FAMILY – CAROLINGIANS

4. PEPIN – CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY ANOINTING BY POPE – SAN VITALE AT RAVENNA

5. PEPIN & PAPAL RELATIONS
LOMBARDS MOVING IN TOWARDS ROME
TRADITIONALLY SOUGHT MILITARY HELP FROM BYZANTINE EMPEROR BUT ICONOCLAST CONTROVERSY OF 730 WIDENED DIVIDE B/W E. & W. CHURCHES – ICONOCLASTS OPPOSED ICONS IN CHURCHES (WORSHIPPING ICON NOT GOD) & MANY IN WEST DIDN’T OPPOSE, ULTIMATELY CHURCH AGREED ICONS WERE OK – BYZ. SAYS CAN’T HELP AT THIS TIME & POPE STEPHEN II ASKS PEPIN FOR HELP
ANOINTS PEPIN (ST. BONIFACE) – NOW NOT ONLY PRIESTS BUT KINGS ANOINTED 754 – DIVINE ASPECT OF KINGSHIP – PEPIN GIVES LAND TO PAPACY “PAPAL STATES” 784
ALLIANCE BETWEEN FRANKS & PAPACY ESTABLISHED – BOTH WILL BENEFIT FROM RELATIONSHIP

6. REIGN OF CHARLEMAGNE

7. CHARLEMAGNE’S ADMINISTRATION
PEPIN DIES 768 & SON CHARLES, TO BECOME CHARLEMAGNE OR CHARLES THE GREAT, TAKES KINGSHIP
CHARLEMAGNE: FIERCE WARRIOR, INTELLIGENT, TALL, INQUISITIVE, RESOLUTE STATESMAN & PATRON OF LEARNING
54 MILITARY CAMPAIGNS – SUCCESSFULLY OUSTS LOMBARDS FROM ALL ITALY 773 – CONSTANT WARFARE ONLY 7 YEARS OF PEACE IN W. EUROPE
MOST SUCCESSFUL IN TAKING TERRITORY IN EAST
NOT UNTIL NAPOLEON IN 19TH AND HITLER IN 20TH CENTURIES WOULD EMPIRE OF IT’S SIZE BE SEEN AGAIN – 3 REICHS
NO SYSTEM OF TAXATION SO RELY ON ROYAL ESTATES FOR RESOURCES & IN EXCHANGE CH. GAVE THESE FAMILIES LIFETIME HOLDING OF LAND
MAKE COUNTS AGENTS OF KING, NOT LOYAL TO LAND, MOVE THEM OFF FAMILY LAND TO DO THEIR JOB, MOVED COUNTS AROUND SO THEY DIDN’T GET TOO COMFY
APPOINTED COUNTS, NOT HEREDITARY – AGAIN LOYALTY TO CHARLEMAGNE
MISSI DOMINICI – MESSENGERS OF THE LORD – SENT OUT INTO EMPIRE TO CHECK UP ON COUNTS & REPORT BACK
EMPIRE LARGE, TRAVEL SLOW, INEFFICIENT, LACK OF SUPERVISION
LOYALTY TO KING HELD EMPIRE TOGETHER – TRAVELED EXTENSIVELY TO ENSURE LOYALTY
BECOMES EMPEROR CHRISTMAS DAY 800 DUE TO AID IN 799 TO POPE LEO III

8. CORONATION 800 & RESPECT FROM HARUN AL RASHID

9. EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE 814

10. TREATY OF VERDUN 843 NEED BETTER MAP AT DEATH EMPIRE TOO BIG FOR SON
INFIGHTING LED TO SON LOUIS THE PIOUS TO DIVIDE INTO 3 PARTS WITH AID OF POPE GREGORY IV
1ST EUROPEAN BOUNDARIES
GRANDSONS OF CHARLEMAGNE
CHARLES THE BALD – WEST
LOTHAR – MIDDLE & TITLE EMPEROR
LOUIS – EAST & TITLE “THE GERMAN”
WITH DIVISION COMES FRAGMENTATION OF POWER & RISE OF LOCAL LEADERS
NEED BETTER MAP

11. ROMAN CHURCH IN UNCERTAIN TIMES – ROLE OF POPE GREGORY I FATHEROF MEDIEVAL PAPACY
PRIOR TO GREGORY I GERMANIC KINGDOMS CONVERT BUT CORRUPT, CHURCH OFFICES BOUGHT & SOLD
GREGORY CHANGES ALL THIS & PUTS CHURCH ON ENERGETIC PATH TO PLAY A MORE POMINENT ROLE IN CIVILIZING GERMANIC TRIBES & CREATING NEW CULTURE
GREG I ASSUME CONTROL OF ROME & SURROUNDING AREAS THAT SUFFERED DURING 6TH C. INVASIONS & CREATED ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT THAT WILL BE KNOWN AS PAPAL STATES
CONSTANT CONTACT W/ FRANKISH RULERS
MISSIONARIES KEY TO SUCCESS
4TH LATIN CHURCH FATHER ALONG WITH JEROME, AMBROSE & AUGUSTINE – BOOK OF PASTORAL CARE MOST IMPT., HANDBOOK FOR HOW TO BE A BISHOP
USED PERSUASION NOT FORCE & WILLINGNESS TO ASSIMILATE PAGAN PRACTICES INTO CHRISTIANITY

12. IRISH CONVERSION & MONSATICISM

13. ENGLISH & IRISH CATHOLICISM & ROLE OF MISSIONARIES
ENGLAND CHURCH BEST TRAINED & EDUCATED BY 700 DUE TO MISSIONARY WORK BEGUN UNDER POPE GREGORY
IRISH NOT PART OF ROMAN EMPIRE SO DEVELOPS OWN TYPE OF MONASTICISM: SELF DENIAL, CONSTANT PENANCE, FASTING, LOTS OF LEARNING – EDUCATION EXTREMELY IMPORTANT – PRESERVE CLASSICAL LITERATURE
IRISH GO TO ENGLAND, ESTABLISHED LINDISFARNE IN NORTHUMBRIA
IRISH CELTIC CHRISTIANITY CLASHES WITH ENGLISH ROMAN CHRISTIANITY
ISSUES SETTLED SYNOD OF WHITBY 664 – ACCEPT SOME CELTIC TRADITIONS BUT CLEARLY ROMAN CATHOLIC
ENGLISH MISSIONARIES TRAVEL TO CONTINENT OF EUROPE

14. EDUCATION CRUCIAL IN MOST MONASTERIES IMPORTANCE OF READING, WRITING, IMAGES USEFUL
WHITBY MONASTERY 657 (HILDA)
CAROLINGIAN MANUSCRIPT

15. ST. BONIFACE 675 – 754 APOSTLE OF THE GERMANS
MOST IMPORTANT MISSIONARY FROM ENGLAND
MADE ARCHBISHOP FOR HIS MISSIONARY ACTIVITY
WORKED W/ C. MARTEL TO REGENERATE FRANKISH CLERGY
KILLED TRYING TO CONVERT PAGANS
EFFORTS OF ST. BONIFACE HELPED MAKE EUROPE THE BASTION OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM