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8% body weight, 5-6 l, transporting medium

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Presentation on theme: "8% body weight, 5-6 l, transporting medium"— Presentation transcript:

1 8% body weight, 5-6 l, transporting medium
BLOOD 8% body weight, 5-6 l, transporting medium functions: 1. Respiratory 2. Nutritional 3. Excretoric 4. Homeostatic a) water, ions, pH b) temperature - specific heat, conductivity, latent heat 5. Chemical control 6. Immunity Formed elements + plasma hematocrit stability of suspension electrostatic forces proteiny bridges viskosity

2 Proteins – onkotic pressure, pH, hemostasis, immunity, transport,
Fluid x losses BLOOD – PLASMA – SERUM PLASMA Water Proteins – onkotic pressure, pH, hemostasis, immunity, transport, AMA pool elektroforesis albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, clotting faktors, lipopro- teins, haptoglobins, transferrin Organic substancies – nutriens, vitamins, cholesterol, waste products, hormons Electrolytes – Na, K, Cl, HCO3, PO4, Ca Gases – O2, CO2, N2

3 ELEMENTS erythrocytes, leukocytes, trombocytes stem cells (resting, proliferating) progenitor colony increase in number of stem cells entering, shortening of the cycle, combination ERYTHROCYTES – lack of nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, 95% of dry weight Hb, shape, antigens Erythropoesis - multipotent (pluripotent, totipotent) stem cells unipotent (progenitor) EPO HIF EPO apoptosis of progenitors Ery line proerytroblast basophilic erytroblast (normoblast) Hb synthesis polychromatic erythroblast DNA synthesis restricted ortochromatic erytroblast (NORMOBLAST) Nuclei retikulocyte erythrocyte

4 Ery formation afinity of Hb O2 2,3 DPG renal aa. lungs O2 CO2 Ox Red Hb liver kidneys Hb concentration HIF EPO plasma volume Ery hormons bone marrow Losses

5 Metabolism Ery - shape, deformability
Hb – 135 –170 g/l A, F, dissociation curve Metabolism Ery - shape, deformability - ion pumps - hem in ferroform - ROS scavanging no mitochondriae glycolysis carboanhydrase G G-6P NAD GSH H2O + CO H+ + HCO3- F-6P NADH GSSG F –1,6 P NAD G – 3P NADH ,3 DPG difosfogycerate mutasea 2,3 DPG 3 PG difosfoglycerate fosfatase

6 Ery destruction aging membráne rigidity sferocyte CO2 Fe transferrin bilirubin AMA bilirubinglukuronid RES Hb urobilin sterkobilin

7 ANEMIE hypoplastic, aplastic microcytic hypochromic sideropennic normocytic normochromic thalasemia makrocytic hyperchromic pernicious infiltration of bone marrow drugs hemorrhagic hemolytic acute bleeding intracorpuscular (hereditary, chronic spherocytosis, sicle cell) extracorpuscular (hypersplenism) POLYGLOBULIA

8 % neutrophils 50 – 70 O2 O 2- H2O2 OH eozinophilsí 1 – 4 granulocytes
LEUKOCYTES x 109/l % neutrophils – O O H2O OH eozinophilsí – granulocytes basophils < 1 monocytes – 8 chemotaxis, secretion, adhesion, diapedesis, fagocytosis, ROS (NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase), proteases lymfocytes – 40 T - helper/inducer memory cells - supressors - cytotoxic K - N K B - plasmatic memory cells NADPH NADP

9 TROMBOCYTES x 109/l 2 – 4 u microtubuli, receptors for collagen, actin + myosin, granules (ADP, serotin), α granules (PDGF, PAF) HEMOSTASIS: 1) vessels – vasoconstriction (wall, serotonin, tromboxan A2) 2) platelets - adhesion (receptors, von Willebrandův f.) - change of the shape - aggregation ADP plug granules TXA2 vasokonstriction

10 3) clotting HMWK, LMWK kinins inflammation complement extrinsic - thromboplastin intrinsic – XII, kallikrein tkáňový aktivátor prothrombin thrombin plasmin plasminogen streptokinase fibrinogen fibrin stabilized fibrin fibrin degradation products Alterations of hemostasis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, consumption coagulopathy


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