1. Developments in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Feudalism baby

2. Explain how the beliefs and practices of the predominant religions in Europe affected European society.
Learning Objectives

3. Explain the causes and consequences of political decentralization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Learning Objectives

4. Explain the effects of agriculture on social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Learning Objectives

6. Need to Know Christianity Feudalism Labor Systems Manorialism
Decentralized Monarchs
Labor Systems
Free and Coerced (serfdom)
Need to Know

7. The Dark Ages? Castles Knights Peasants Kings and Queens Feudalism
Superstitious, Burning of Witches, Silliness abounds
The Dark Ages?

8. Christendom Catholic Church Blended with European traditions
What’s that called?
The Crusades
Christendom

9. Before this dark ages
The Glory of Rome

10. The Start of the Dark Ages
Roman Empire (476 CE)
Decentralized German States
The Start of the Dark Ages

11. Decentralization Decentralized Society Subsistence Agriculture
No large state to protect
Frequent invasions
Peasants turn to local lords for safety
Subsistence Agriculture
Decentralization

12. Western European Social Order

13. European Feudalism
Kings and nobles gave land (fief ) to vassals (nobles) in exchange for military service
Control of land was hereditary
Vassals gave land to knights in exchange for military service
Knights were bound by a code of chivalry

14. European Feudalism

15. Knights and Castles The Knight The Castle
Castle Rising in England was built in 1138

16. Serfs and Manorialism
Agricultural manors were essential for maintaining the feudal system
Manors included a mill, church, workshops, and a village
Serfdom
Bound to the land
Cultivated land for lords in exchange for protection and a small plot of land
Also were responsible for weaving, building, etc.
Serfs were required to work their lords land three days a week. The rest of the time they could work the small plots of land provided to them by their lord.

17. Manorialism

18. The Christian Church Created moral standards
Owned extensive land throughout Western Europe
Struggled with secular rulers to be the dominant authority in Europe
Supported monasticism
Monks preserved literacy and learning
Nuns provided an additional opportunity for women

19. The Pope Papal authority grew during early medieval period
Canon law
Excommunication
Investiture
Frequent power struggles between monarchs and the papacy
Henry IV and Gregory VII
A symbol of papal authority, Pope Gregory VII declared the church infallible and capable of removing emperors

20. THE CRUSADES

21. The Impact of the Crusades
Western European states expanding by 11th century
Population increases
Missionary zeal of Christians
Crusades
Request from Byzantine emperor Alexius I
Urban II calls upon knights
Remission of sins, place in Heaven, god wills it
Series of attacks that lasted for two centuries
First crusade won Jerusalem from Turkish armies
Saladin took it back in 12th century
Venice turned Fourth Crusade into attack on commercial rivals in Constantinople
Ultimately the Crusaders failed to accomplish their goals

22. The Impact of the Crusades (cont.)
Crusades laid the foundation for the emergence of European countries in the next era
Put them into direct contact with oldest areas of world civilizations
As Crusaders returned they brought back silks, porcelains, carpets, perfumes, spices, and preservatives
Europeans would not be content to remain in isolated, drafty castles; a whole new world awaited them

23. The Crusades

24. Muslims in Europe
MUSLIM IBERIA

25. Muslim Iberia Remember, Muslims and Jews are in Spain
Holdover from the Cordoba Caliphate
They help transmit knowledge to Europe from the Muslim World
Some of it is old Euro knowledge from Greece and Rome
Most Jews and Muslims are killed or exiled after the Reconquista (ends in 1492)
Muslim Iberia