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Developments in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Feudalism baby
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Explain how the beliefs and practices of the predominant religions in Europe affected European society. Learning Objectives
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Explain the causes and consequences of political decentralization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Learning Objectives
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Explain the effects of agriculture on social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450.
Learning Objectives
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Need to Know Christianity Feudalism Labor Systems Manorialism
Decentralized Monarchs Labor Systems Free and Coerced (serfdom) Need to Know
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The Dark Ages? Castles Knights Peasants Kings and Queens Feudalism
Superstitious, Burning of Witches, Silliness abounds The Dark Ages?
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Christendom Catholic Church Blended with European traditions
What’s that called? The Crusades Christendom
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Before this dark ages The Glory of Rome
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The Start of the Dark Ages
Roman Empire (476 CE) Decentralized German States The Start of the Dark Ages
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Decentralization Decentralized Society Subsistence Agriculture
No large state to protect Frequent invasions Peasants turn to local lords for safety Subsistence Agriculture Decentralization
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Western European Social Order
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European Feudalism Kings and nobles gave land (fief ) to vassals (nobles) in exchange for military service Control of land was hereditary Vassals gave land to knights in exchange for military service Knights were bound by a code of chivalry
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European Feudalism
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Knights and Castles The Knight The Castle
Castle Rising in England was built in 1138
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Serfs and Manorialism Agricultural manors were essential for maintaining the feudal system Manors included a mill, church, workshops, and a village Serfdom Bound to the land Cultivated land for lords in exchange for protection and a small plot of land Also were responsible for weaving, building, etc. Serfs were required to work their lords land three days a week. The rest of the time they could work the small plots of land provided to them by their lord.
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Manorialism
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The Christian Church Created moral standards
Owned extensive land throughout Western Europe Struggled with secular rulers to be the dominant authority in Europe Supported monasticism Monks preserved literacy and learning Nuns provided an additional opportunity for women
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The Pope Papal authority grew during early medieval period
Canon law Excommunication Investiture Frequent power struggles between monarchs and the papacy Henry IV and Gregory VII A symbol of papal authority, Pope Gregory VII declared the church infallible and capable of removing emperors
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THE CRUSADES
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The Impact of the Crusades
Western European states expanding by 11th century Population increases Missionary zeal of Christians Crusades Request from Byzantine emperor Alexius I Urban II calls upon knights Remission of sins, place in Heaven, god wills it Series of attacks that lasted for two centuries First crusade won Jerusalem from Turkish armies Saladin took it back in 12th century Venice turned Fourth Crusade into attack on commercial rivals in Constantinople Ultimately the Crusaders failed to accomplish their goals
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The Impact of the Crusades (cont.)
Crusades laid the foundation for the emergence of European countries in the next era Put them into direct contact with oldest areas of world civilizations As Crusaders returned they brought back silks, porcelains, carpets, perfumes, spices, and preservatives Europeans would not be content to remain in isolated, drafty castles; a whole new world awaited them
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The Crusades
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Muslims in Europe MUSLIM IBERIA
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Muslim Iberia Remember, Muslims and Jews are in Spain
Holdover from the Cordoba Caliphate They help transmit knowledge to Europe from the Muslim World Some of it is old Euro knowledge from Greece and Rome Most Jews and Muslims are killed or exiled after the Reconquista (ends in 1492) Muslim Iberia
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