1. Unit 2
&
TOBACCO
Alcohol

2. What is Alcohol ? Most misunderstood drug It is a DEPRESSANT
Slows down body functions (CNS)
Must be 21 years of age to use this drug
Does change the way your body functions

3. Blood Alcohol Concentration
Which is known as BAC
Amount of alcohol (ethanol) in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage
Factors that Influence Alcohol’s Effects:
Body size
Gender
Food
Rate & amount of intake (binge)
Medicine

4. How to measure 1 standard drink
12 ounce bottle of beer
5-6 ounce glass of wine
ounce glass of whiskey
Key point: all of these drinks have about the same amount of alcohol content

5. Can one drink interfere with a person’s judgement & reflexes?
YES
When are you legally intoxicated?
Measure your BAC
Minors legally drunk .02
Georgia’s law for being legally drunk is .08
Define intoxication :
state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or any other substance, a person’s physical/mental control is significantly reduced. (mild or major)

6. Alcohol Use
Psychological dependence: a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.
Physiological dependence: a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug.
Factors that Influence Alcohol Use:
Some choose not to drink at all
Peer Pressure
Family
Media Message

7. Short & Long Term Effects on Alcohol
Short-Term :
After a few drinks, what can happen?
Changes to the Brain (memory/judgment)
Cardiovascular Changes (increase HR)
Liver/Kidney Problems
Digestive system Problems
Pancreas Problems
What is Binge Drinking?
Drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting
It can lead to alcohol poisoning

8. Long-Term :
After many years, how can alcohol seriously damage the body?
Damage to brain cells and a reduction in brain size
Increase in blood pressure, which may lead to a heart attack/stroke
Building of fat cells in the liver, which can lead to cell death
Damage to the digestive lining of the stomach causing ulcers/cancer, and the destruction of the pancreas
Cirrhosis: condition in which liver cells are replaced by useless scar tissue

9. Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism
Define Alcoholism:
- a disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol
Co-Dependency- a relationship where one person enables another person's addiction
3 Stages of Alcoholism
Abuse: intentionally drinks to get drunk in large moderation
Dependence: need the drug to function properly
Addiction: alcohol has dominated the body and life

10. Mothers who drink while pregnant, what happens?
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:
a group of alcohol related birth defects that
include physical & mental problems.
Types of birth defects include:
Low birth weight
Heart, liver, and kidney defects
Mental retardation, difficult learning
Small head, deformities of facial, hands or feet
Vision or hearing problems
Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal
behavioral problems

11. Hope for Recovery How does someone quit drinking?
You must first admit that you have a problem (you are an alcoholic)
The process of recovery can be an on going process (could take years)
You have to over come the withdrawal symptoms
Detoxificaton: process in which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol
Define Recovery
The process of learning to live an alcohol-free life. Recovering alcoholics must make a lifelong commitment to Sobriety!

12. Seek professional help if you cannot do it on your own!
MADD/SADD programs- educate
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) – self-help program, involves 12 step
Al-Anon: helps talk about the problem of living with an alcoholic
Alateen: help teenagers cope with alcoholic parents
Plus many more!

13. HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE
TOBACCO
HAZARDOUS AND ADDICTIVE

14. Chemicals of Tobacco Tobacco contains more than 4,000 chemical
(cyanide, insecticide, fingernail polish remover, rat poisoning & formaldehyde)
What are carcinogens?
- cancer causing
substances

15. 3 most poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke:
Tar: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns.
Causes destruction of the cilia and respiratory disease
What is Cilia? The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs
Cilia sweeps away agents that causes disease
Nicotine: the addictive chemical found in tobacco leaves
Psychoactive chemical, chemical everyone gets hooked on, without nicotine, the body would go through physical withdrawals. Nicotine is a STIMULANT!
Carbon Monoxide: a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas – found in cigarette smoke.
It interferes with the bloods ability to carry oxygen, causes shortness of breath

16. Short-term Effects Brain chemistry changes
Respiration and heart rate increases
Taste buds are dulled & appetite is reduced
Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, & smelly hair, skin & clothes

17. Long-term Effects
Lung Cancer: a disease caused by cells that have lost normal growth controls, they invade and destroy healthy tissue.
Cancer can happen everywhere in the body
include: larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas
Coronary heart disease & stokes
A weakened immune system

18. Respiratory Diseases
Chronic Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs and the production of excessive mucus
- you wake up coughing and spitting up mucus
- can lead to emphysema
Emphysema: the tiny air sacs of the lungs lose their elasticity
- these air sacs absorb oxygen coming into the body and help push carbon dioxide out of the body
- shortness of breath, and you can’t breath without the help of a special oxygen tank

19. Mothers that Smoke There is a greater risk of miscarriage
The baby might be born to early
Low birth weight or other serious health problems
Great chance of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
Fathers who smoke can still affect the fetus/newborn
Baby receives nicotine from the mother’s breast milk

20. Risks of “Tobacco” Smoke
ETS: environment tobacco smoke or secondhand smoke, is air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke:
Mainstream smoke: smoke exhaled from the lungs of smoker
Sidestream smoke: smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar
75% of the smoke that comes from a burning cigarette is sidestream smoke (enters the environment)
Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine, and three times as much carbon monoxide as mainstream smoke
Many new laws have been passed to protect the public from the danger of passive smoking

21. Other ways to get your fix of nicotine: (smokeless tobacco)
Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.
Chewing tobacco:
- releases juices of nicotine & other chemicals
- juices mix with saliva/mucus membrane that is absorbed into
the bloodstream
- example: red man
Snuff:
- nicotine & other chemicals are absorbed into the blood
stream through the mucus membrane
- example: Copenhagen
What is Leukoplakia?
thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
(dentist detect this while cleaning your teeth)

22. Get help if you cannot quit!
Consequences????
Cost to society $167 billion a year
Cost to individuals $3,561 a year
Legal consequences Must be 18 yrs old
Choosing to live tobacco-free (values)
Get help if you cannot quit!
Tobacco cessation program: a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco or join a support group (ACS)