1. Sentence Structure
Simple & Complex

2. What is a ‘sentence’?
A sentence is one ‘unit’ of thought that should be complete in sense and structure.
A sentence should be written with the correct punctuation marks and word order.

3. A sentence starts with a capital letter…
Tony loves Lucy!
I am very busy at work.
He is hoping to go travelling.
Where are we going?

4. …and should end with… …a full stop. …a question mark?
…an exclamation mark!

5. Different Types of Sentence
A statement is a sentence that ends in a full stop.
An exclamation is a sentence that ends in an exclamation mark (to show feeling).
A question is a sentence that begins with a questioning word and ends with a question mark.

6. Completing Sentences
Insert the correct end of sentence punctuation into the box (. ! ?)
to make the following sentences make sense.
Are you coming shopping
Where is James going
Let’s get food – I’m starving
Sarah has gone to the bank

7. Writing Questions
Insert the best questioning word into the box to complete these questions
if why when where who how is are
are we going to meet tonight?
much will it cost?
else is coming to the park?
you glad you came to college today?
old are you?

8. For a sentence to be completed it should have a subject and a verb.
The subject is who or what the sentence is about, for example: Tom loves to eat pasta. Tom is the subject.

9. Activity: Identify the subject of each sentence…
David loves to eat pizza.
GHS is ace!
I enjoy learning.
My car is very old.

10. For a sentence to be completed it should have a subject and a verb.
A verb is a ‘doing’ or ‘being’ word, for example: Karol is happy. Karol rides his bicycle. I am happy. Is, rides and am are the verbs.

11. Activity: Identify the verb from each sentence
Shelley cooks tea.
Niall likes beer.
Angela loves Roy.
Jane plays golf

12. To check if you have written a complete sentence ask yourself the following questions…
Does my sentence start with a capital letter?
Does my sentence end with a full stop, exclamation mark or a question mark?
Does my sentence include a main subject (the person or thing being written about)
Does my sentence have a verb (a doing word e.g. cook, eat, write, study, speak, go, run,) or a ‘being’ word e.g. am, is, was, are)

13. Simple Sentences Here are some examples of simple sentences:
My name is Kerrie. I am nineteen years old. I
come from Northern Ireland. I like to dance.
Write a simple sentence to answer each question:
What is your favourite hobby (what do you do for fun?)
Who is your favourite film actor / actress?

14. Conjunctions for writing Compound Sentences
A compound sentence is made up of two simple sentences joined together. They are joined using the co-ordinate conjunctions:
and, but, so, for, nor, yet, so
Examples:
Michael likes his work. (simple sentence)
Michael works hard. (simple sentence)
Michael likes his job and works hard. (compound sentence)

15. Make the following into Compound Sentences…
using either and, for, nor, but, so, yet – look at how the meaning of the sentences change! Bill was sad. Dave was happy. Bill was sad Dave was happy. Edna was in love. Tim was not in love. Edna was in love Tim was not in love. Asia likes Chinese food. Karen likes Indian food. Asia likes Chinese food Karen likes Indian food. Asia likes going to the movies. Karen likes going to the movies too. Asia likes going to the movies Karen likes going to the movies too.

16. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is usually made up of an independent clause (that would make sense on its own) joined by one or more dependent clauses (could not be a sentence on their own). The meaning of these sentences is shown by the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause (often shown by the use of a subordinating conjunction). Example: Since I came back from my holiday, I have had a horrible cold. He left the office early (independent), bought a paper (dependent) and had a leisurely lunch (dependent clause).

17. Writing Complex Sentences Using Subordinate Conjunctions
What is your main reason for coming to GHS?
I come to college because ________________________
What is your favourite food?
My favourite food is because / as

18. More on Conjunctions
These conjunctions explain why: because as since Question: Why are you so happy today? Answer: I am happy because the sun is shining! Answer: As it’s my birthday today, I’m buying a new car! Answer: Since it’s my birthday, I’m going to the salon

19. More on Conjunctions
These conjunctions are to do with time ( when): after, when and since. Question: Are you doing anything nice this evening? Answer: When I have done all of my work, I will go to the cinema. After I have finished my work, I will go running.

20. Any questions?