1. Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Chapter 3
The Nature and Nurture
Of Behavior

2. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint
_________________
threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes
__________________
complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
has two strands-forming a “double helix”- held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides

3. Genes: Our Biological Blueprint
_________________
biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes
a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

4. Genes: Their Location and Composition
Nucleus
Chromosome
Gene
Cell
DNA

5. Evolutionary Psychology
_________________
Charles Darwin
Galapagos Islands
Finch’s (Beak Size)
Impact on biology
Recent trends in Evolutionary Psychology

6. Evolutionary Psychology
__________________
the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Mutation
a random error in gene replication that leads to genetic damage

7. Evolutionary Psychology
Handout of Traits That Will Lead To More Reproduction (Class Participation)
_________________
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection

8. Evolutionary Psychology
Ask the Class
In one study ___ percent of adult video customers were female.
Most romance novel readers are female.
Men ___% Women ___% “If 2 people really like each other its ok for them to have sex even if they have known each other a very short time.”

9. Evolutionary Psychology
Poll the Class
More women mention affection as a reason for having first sexual intercourse,
Think about sex multiple times per day. Men ___% and Women ____%
More likely to attribute friendliness to sexual interest.
More likely to initiate sexual activity.

10. Evolutionary Psychology
Men preferred __________________ suggesting youth and health
Women preferred __________________

11. Behavior Genetics _______________ Environment
study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Environment
every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

12. Behavior Genetics _______________
Identical
twins
Fraternal
Same
sex only
Same or
opposite sex
_______________
develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
develop from separate eggs
genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share the fetal environment

13. Twin and Adoption Studies
Twin Studies
Identical twins tend to share similar personalities
_____________________
Think Critically: What are the Implications?
Story of the two Jim’s
Page 75

14. Twin and Adoption Studies
People who grow up together whether related or not do not resemble each other much.
What does this suggest about parenting?
Parenting plays a smaller role than initially suspected.
______________________________
Parents make a difference in their ability to provide enriching environments.

15. Environmental Influence
Experience affects brain development
Impoverished
environment
Rat brain
cell
Enriched

16. Behavior Genetics ________________ Interaction
a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Interaction
the effect of one factor (such as the environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

17. Environmental Influence
_____________
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
____________
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Personal Space
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

18. The Nature and Nurture of Gender
X Chromosome
the sex chromosome found in both men and women
females have _____; males have one
an X chromosome from each parent produces a female child
Y Chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in men
when paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child

19. The Nature and Nurture of Gender
__________________
the most important of the male sex hormones
both males and females have it
additional testosterone in males stimulates
growth of male sex organs in the fetus
development of male sex characteristics during puberty
Role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position
defining how those in the position ought to behave

20. The Nature and Nurture of Gender
in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female
Gender Role
a set of expected behaviors for males and females
______________
one’s sense of being male or female
Gender-Typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

21. The Nature and Nurture of Gender

22. The Nature and Nurture of Gender
___________________
theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Gender Schema Theory
theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly

23. The Nature and Nurture of Gender
Two theories of gender typing