1. Child Abuse and it’s effect on later life
Student:Manisha Adhikari
Psy 1100
Child abuse simple means the child mistreatment by the parent or caregiver that can cause injury, physical, mental or emotional harm to a child. If a child is at a risk or death, serious injuries in his body, or any kind of emotional harm towards him then the activity causing those harms are considered an act of child abuse.

2. Types of abuse Physical abuse Mental abuse Emotional abuse
Child neglect
Physical abuse is when a parent or a caregiver intentionally causes any kind of harm to a child and that also physically. This kind of abuse includes physical injury through slapping, pushing a child, beating him with objects etc28.3% of adults
. Emotional abuse in a child takes place when a parent or a caregiver does anything towards a child that can harm his mental as well as social development or it can be any emotional harm. Can be from a series of events and a slow process 10.6% of adults
can be asking any kind of sexual favor from the child or forcing them to involve in any kind of sexual act. Sometimes it can also be between two children when an older one force the younger one for any kind of sexual pleasure. 20.7% of adults
don't pay attention towards a child, don't give them the proper care and the affection they needs and can't give them proper safety for their health then it is considered as a child neglect.

3. Effects in later life Research article 1
“Childhood maltreatment and the risk of substance problems in later life”
Abused children and mental disorder.
Both alcohol and drug related problem.
Depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder or low esteem.
Positive relation

4. Research article 2
Stressful Life Events and Depression Symptoms: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Stress Reactivity
Child abuse and its psychological aspect, stress, adult child abuse victims, psychological child abuse and mental depression
Abused child has more severe symptoms, greater impairment and more cases of depression
Through the research it was found that person with childhood abuse are 3 to 4 times more likely to develop a depression or a show a depressive symptoms.

5. Research article 3
“Childhood Maltreatment Experiences and Child Abuse Potential: Temperamental Sensitivity as Moderator?“
Abused child are more likely to be an abusive parent themselves.
negative experiences a child faced in his childhood can predict the type of behavior he shows in his adulthood or adolescence.
their study by taking sample of 343 students from Leiden University undergraduate students. The research was focused on finding out the relation between the negative experiences a child faced in his childhood with the type of behavior he shows in his adulthood or adolescence.

6. Analysis
All credible research but more focus was on physical abuse rather than mental abuse.
Study was on adolescence of similar age so predictable result.
Various factors can change a person’s effect so the result were not 100% accurate.

7. Conclusion
Various factors that can affect the future result of child abuse.
Stress
Poverty
Education level
Treatment received or not
Thus should be positive and encourage people not to do child abuse and help such children. Never give up on hope !!

8. References Source 1
Downs, Harrison, & Harrison, L. (1998). Childhood maltreatment and the risk of substance problems in later life. Health & Social Care In The Community, 6(1),

9. Reference source 2
Shapero, Benjamin G., Shimrit K. Black, Richard T. Liu, Joshua Klugman, Rachel E. Bender, Lyn Y. Abramson, and Lauren B. Alloy "Stressful Life Events and Depression Symptoms: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Stress Reactivity."Journal Of Clinical Psychology 70, no. 3:  Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed November 13, 2015)

10. Reference source 3
Voorthuis, A., Bhandari, R., Out, D., Veen, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., & IJzendoorn, M. (2014). Childhood Maltreatment Experiences and Child Abuse Potential: Temperamental Sensitivity as Moderator?. Journal Of Family Violence, 29(7), doi: /s

11. Thank you !!!