1. Welcome Back! French and Indian War 1763 Treaty of Paris
Please complete
French and Indian War
1763 Treaty of Paris
Proclamation of 1763
The Stamp Act
Intolerable Acts

2. The colonial era (Unit Two)
The Seeds of Conflict
The colonial era
(Unit Two)

3. Seeds of Conflict: England Backs Off
After 1688, England turned its attention away from the colonies due its ongoing competition with France
Salutary Neglect
A policy in which the enforcement of regulations was relaxed in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty
Led to both economic & political independence in the colonies

4. Seeds of Conflict: England Backs Off
In nearly every colony the king appointed a governor who was to serve as the colony’s highest authority
Call and disband the local assembly
Appoint judges
Oversee trade
Despite the beginnings of self-government, the colonists still considered themselves to be British
Significance?

5. Seeds of Conflict: Rivalry
At this point in history, France & Great Britain were rivals, especially in their attempts to colonize North America
France’s North American Empire
Quebec (for the fur trade)
The Mississippi Valley

6. Seeds of Conflict: The War Begins
The French and Indian War
In the 1750s, the French built a fort in the Ohio River Valley; land claimed by Virginia
As a result, George Washington, serving in the British military, started his military career by being sent to evict the French.
The American colonists favored Great Britain
The Native Americans favored France

7. Seeds of Conflict: The War Begins
The French and Indian War
Early British losses disappointed the colonists; began to question the competence of the British army
King George II, enraged by these losses, appointed William Pitt as a new colonial leader
Pitt reinvigorated the British army & helped lead the British to victory over the French

8. Seeds of Conflict: The Treaty of Paris
Ended the war with the following provisions:
Great Britain claimed all land east of the Mississippi, including Florida
Spain gained all French land west of the Mississippi
France remained in control of only a few small islands; Newfoundland and the West Indies

9. Seeds of Conflict: Post-French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Colonists could not settle West of the Appalachian Mountains
Many colonists had already moved past the mountains
Angered many Colonists that the King was continuing to control their decisions from 3,000 miles away

10. The Road to Revolution Was the American Revolution inevitable?
A new nation
(Unit two)
Was the American Revolution inevitable?

11. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
As a result of the French & Indian War, the British accumulated a very large debt
In order to lower their debt, the British chose George Grenville, a financial expert, to serve as their prime minister.
He decided taxing the colonies would be the best course of action

12. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
The Sugar Act (1764)
Small tax on imported molasses
Placed new duties on items such as indigo, coffee and wine
Smugglers/violators would be tried in admiralty courts, NOT local courts
INDIRECT tax on the people
Colonial Reaction?
Increasing frustration towards the British

13. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
The Stamp Act (1765)
Required a tax (stamped paper) on legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets and all other printed materials
Violators would be tried in admiralty courts
First DIRECT Tax
Colonial Reaction?
Boycotted British goods and organized protests

14. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
Sons of Liberty (1765)
A patriotic organization established by Samuel Adams in order to demonstrate against the Stamp Act
Refused to do any business that required stamps
Main purpose was to spy on and disrupt English activities in Massachusetts.
Daughters of Liberty
American women were famous for boycotting British goods by making homespun cloth and for finding substitutes for tea and sugar (all heavily taxed by the British.)

15. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
Stamp Act Congress (1765)
Delegates from 9 colonies
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Parliament could not impose taxes on the colonies because the colonies were not represented in the Parliament
Agreed to stop importing British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed
Repealed in 1766; however, the repeal was soon followed by the Declaratory Acts

16. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
Townshend Acts (1767)
An indirect tax on imported materials such as glass, led, paper and paint
Also imposed a three-penny tax on tea
Colonial Reaction?
Rage and well-organized resistance, including boycotts & protests;
“no taxation without representation…”

17. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
The Boston Massacre (March 5th, 1770)
A group of colonists were taunting British soldiers stationed in the streets
Shots were fired leaving 5 dead and 6 wounded
Crispus Attucks
Colonial Reaction? Colonial agitators labeled the conflict a massacre and published a dramatic engraving that depicted the conflict

18. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
Committees of Correspondence (1770)
Established by delegates in Massachusetts & Virginia
Used to smuggle important British information to the other colonies regarding threats to American liberties

19. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
The Boston Tea Party (1773)
Prompted by the Tea Act of 1773 which gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea
Colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 crates (18,000 pounds) of tea into Boston Harbor

20. Road to Revolution: Early Resistance
The Intolerable Acts (1774)
Passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party
Closed Boston Harbor
Banned town meetings
New Quartering Act
Puts Boston under martial law
Colonial Reaction?
Colonial leaders formed the First Continental Congress and drew up a declaration of colonial rights

21. Road to Revolution: Rebellion
Lexington & Concord (1775)
After the First Continental Congress, New England towns began to prepare for military action
Civilian soldiers, known as Minutemen, began to stockpile firearms
When the British found out they decided to march from Boston to Concord in order to destroy the weapons
“To Concord, by the Lexington Road…”

22. Road to Revolution: Rebellion
Lexington & Concord (1775)
Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott set out to warn the townspeople
When the British arrived in Lexington they killed 8 minutemen and continued on to Concord
In Concord, the British were ambushed by nearly 4,000 Minutemen

23. Road to Revolution: Rebellion
The Second Continental Congress (Spring 1775)
Soon after Lexington & Concord, colonial leaders met in Philadelphia to discuss their next move
Debated independence
Came up with the Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of Independence.​
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston
Recognized militiamen as the Continental Army
Appointed George Washington as commander
Printed paper money to pay the troops

24. Road to Revolution: Rebellion
Meanwhile…
The Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)
British troops, led by General Thomas Gage, attacked militiamen just north of Boston on Breed’s Hill
450 colonist casualties
1000 British casualties
British tactical victory
Deadliest battle of the war…

25. Road to Revolution: Conclusions
By December of 1775, the British & American colonists were fighting an “informal revolutionary war,” but…
Colonial leaders had NOT YET declared independence
Going forward…
In 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sense which outlined all the reasons that a King is not necessary and that the Colonies should be free from England.
In July of 1776, colonists drafted the Declaration of Independence…effectively “breaking up” with Great Britain.

26. Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
This was a “break-up” letter to Great Britain
Consisted of three parts
Part 1- Proclamation of a Man’s rights
Part 2- A Formal Declaration of Independence
Part 3- A Record of Complaints to King George
Combined ideas of Thomas Paine and John Locke
Paine’s Common Sense
Locke’s idea of natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Colonies declared independence, but now had to fight for it.