1. MARSOL Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Rescharchge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought Christoph Schüth, Technische Universität Darmstadt

2. MARSOL Demonstrating Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Solution to Water Scarcity and Drought (FP7-Env-2013-Water-Inno-Demo) Start: Duration: 3 years EU Contribution: 5.2 Mio €
The main objective of MARSOL is to demonstrate that MAR is a sound, safe and sustainable strategy that can be applied with great confidence. With this, MARSOL aims to stimulate the use of reclaimed water and other alternative water sources in MAR and to optimize WRM through storage of excess water to be recovered in times of shortage or by influencing gradients.
Australian guidelines for water recycling, 24:
Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

3. MARSOL Field sites Various water sources and qualities - various technologies - various objectives

4. MARSOL Worpackage structure
EPEM

5. MARSOL Demonstration sites activities…
…treated waste water, river water, desalinated water,
rainwater harvesting …

6. MARSOL Worpackage structure
EPEM
…preparation of guidlines, technical notes, best practice methods, tailored monitoring and modelling concepts…

7. Water Quality has to be regulated
Infiltration
Direct injection
Hydrogeochemical processes depend on:
MAR Scheme and Operation
Vegetation / soil / aquifer
Continuous infiltration / wetting and drying cycles / irrigation
Soil / aquifer characteristics
Permeability (residence time)
Thickness (of unsaturated zone)
Geochemistry (clay minerals, organic carbon, calcite etc.)
Flooding, irrigation
Basins, ditches
soil
Wells, shafts
Retention capacity + -
Source quality + -
aquifer
unsaturated
saturated

8. ? Water Quality has to be regulated Infiltration:
Direct injection: Water quality
has to meet high standards –
drinking water quality / background
groundwater quality / quality requirements
for intended use
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

9. Water Quality has to be regulated
Where ?
What ?
How to proof ?
Menashe Demo Site Israel

10. Point of compliance Where do we regulate the water quality ?
1 In the Infiltrated Water ?
2 At the Groundwater Table ?
3 At the Extraction Point ?
4 After Post Treatment ? 1 3 4 2
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

11. Point of compliance 1 In the Infiltrated Water pessimistic optimistic
Neglecting the main advantage of MAR = degradation processes in subsurface ‚worst case scenario‘: infiltrated water conc = extracted water conc < legal limit for use
Defined minimum degradation in subsurface to meet regulations at recovery
‚limited faith scenario‘: infiltrated water conc > extracted water conc < legal limit for use 1
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

12. Point of compliance 4 After Post Treatment neutral
Final treatment for intended use after recovery
‚Don‘t care scenario‘: infiltrated water conc ≥ extracted water conc ≥ legal limit for use.
Subsurface used as temporary storage only, unspecified quality improvement may occur 4
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

13. ? Point of compliance 2 At Groundwater Table and 3 At Extraction Point
Will we be able to predict concentrations at the groundwater table and at the recovery point for none of the compounds / selected compounds / all compounds based on infiltrated concentrations and hydrochemical conditions ? ?
What are the error ranges ? 3 2
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

14.  Point of compliance what is reasonable ?
1 In Infiltrated Water and After Post Treatment
Only for the infiltrated water and for the post treatment we can define quality targets that, by definition, are met in defining the treatment goals. 
There are numerous regulations out to define water quality for different end uses 1 4
Australian guidelines for Water recycling, 24: Managed Aquifer Recharge (2009)

15. Water Quality has to be regulated
Where ?
What ?
How to proof ?
Menashe Demo Site Israel

16. Water Quality has to be regulated
Publications per year on different contaminant groups

17. Water Quality has to be regulated
Compounds found in treated wastewater in Europe

18. Laboratory Column Experiments
Experimental Setup
Measurements:
Hydraulic head
Volumetric flow rate
Oxygen concentration
Collection of samples – various chemical analyses
Redox potential
Pharmaceuticals: Acetylsalicyl acid Carbamazepine Diclofenac Fenoprofen Gemfibrozil Ibuprofen Naproxen
Antibiotics: Doxycycline Sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethazine

19. The main challange for the implementation of MAR is the regulatory framework that has to be in line with other EU regulations (e.g. Water Framework Directive, Groundwater Directive…)
Only this will allow stakeholders to apply MAR as a standard water management option with confidence

20. MARSOL For more information: www.marsol.eu