1. Contaminated Landfill Area - Norman Landfill in U.S. Yolanda Ho Chung Yin Ryan Wong Cheuk Pong

2. Location of Norman Landfill

3. Problems Occurred Unregulated landfill before 1970s Solid waste was deposed in unlined pits Leachate plume is then produced Extend away by normal groundwater movement Groundwater flow direction

4. Potential Hazards Extend at least 225m from edge of landfill Canadian River becomes polluted Poisonous drinking water and food animals

5. Alternative Solution – Groundwater Pumping Extraction and re- injection of ground- water Alter the flow direction effective for high permeability aquifer and high mobility of contaminants

6. Alternative Solution – Subsurface Drains Collect leachate plume by gravity flow Placing tile or perforated pipe in a trench Inexpensive  Less versatile

7. Alternative Solution – Low Permeability Barrier Diverting groundwater flow from landfill Control leaking from landfill Inexpensive  Only for unconsolidated soil

8. Alternative Solution – Activated Carbon Treatment Absorption of organic compounds  Need to be replaced frequently  Not effectively remove bacteria, nitrates and metals

9. Current Solution – Natural Attenuation Degradation by microorganisms to prevent contaminant migration Inexpensive more effective for certain types of contaminants

10. Recommended Solution Combination of Activated carbon treatment and groundwater pumping Together with low permeability wall