1. 5 Kingdoms Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protoctista

2. Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primates
Within each kingdom, species are further classified into groups based on similarities.
For example, the full classification of a human is:
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata
Class - Mammalia
Order - Primates
Family - Hominidae
Genus - Homo
Species - sapiens

3. How are organisms classified?
Kingdom (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Prokaryotae (bacteria), Protoctista)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family – always ends ‘ae’ or ‘ea’
Genus – Italicised, capital letter
Species – Italicised, lower case letter,

4. The 5 Kingdoms

6. Carcharodon carcharias
Within each group…
Organism are classified by genus and species
Carcharodon carcharias
Genus – like a family
name
Species – individual
name

7. Viruses Viruses don’t belong to any of the five kingdoms:
They need to take over living cells to reproduce
They are regarded as non-living

8. Phylum Chordates Chordates have a backbone (vertebrates).
Non-chordates do not have a backbone (invertebrates).

9. Groups of vertebrates Reptiles Oviparous Poikilotherms Fish Oviparous
Chordata
Backbone
Mammals
Viviparous
Homeotherms
Amphibians
Oviparous
Poikilotherms
Birds
Oviparous
Homeotherms

10. Vertebrate features Oviparous – lay eggs
Viviparous – give birth to their young
Homeotherms – keep their body temperature constant
Poikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings

11. The 5 Classes of Vertebrates
Name
Main characteristics
Fish
Have wet scales and gills, lay eggs in water.
Amphibians
Have smooth, moist, permeable skin. Adults have lungs. They lay eggs in water.
Reptiles
Have dry, scaly skin. Have lungs They lay leathery shelled eggs.
Mammals
Have hair on their body and mammary glands that produce milk. Have lungs. They give birth to live young.
Birds
Have feathers and a beak. Have lungs. They lay hard shelled eggs.

12. Non-chordates (invertebrates)
Kingdoms
Animal
plant
fungi
Phylum
Chordates
(vertebrates)
Class
Mammal
Fish
Bird
Reptile
Amphibian
Non-chordates (invertebrates)
protoctista
prokaryotae

13. Viviparous – give birth to their young
Class
Mammal
Viviparouss
Homeotherms
Fish
Oviparous
Poikilotherm
Bird
Reptile
Poikilotherms
Ampibian
Oviparous – lay eggs
Viviparous – give birth to their young
Homeotherms – keep their body temperature constant
Poikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings

14. Classifying vertebrates
Absorbing oxygen?
Fish and young amphibians = gills
Mammals, birds, reptiles and adult amphibians = lungs
Reproduction?
Internal fertilisation – sperm meets egg inside the body = mammals
External fertilisation – female lays eggs then male releases sperm onto them = fish, amphibians
Maintaining Body temperature?
Homeotherms – keep body temperature constant by releasing heat to their surroundings = mammals
Poikilotherms – body temperature changes with surroundings = reptiles

15. Duck Billed Platypus – how would you classify it and why?

16. Species
Species are organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
Have Binomial Names eg Homo sapiens
Felis catus
Exceptions
Hybrids (cross between 2 different species) eg horse and donkey = mule
Ring Species Sometimes there are a chain of neighbours that can all breed with their neighbour but the ones at either end can’t. These are called a ring species.