1. Events and Ideas #1 Motivations and Types
World History
Part I (Tuesday) covers the first six See it-Say its: nationalism, Social Darwinism, new Imperialism, colonialism, protectorate, and sphere of influence.
Part II (Wednesday/Thursday) covers the second six See it-Say its: Berlin Conference, Open Door Policy, cash crop/commodities, Suez and Panama Canals, quinine/sepoys, and extraterritoriality.
Part III (Friday) covers the remaining six See it-Say its: apartheid self-strengthening, zaibatsu, xenophobia, modernization, and westernization.

2. Essential Question:
Explain the five motives of Imperialism and analyze why each of these motives were important to the Imperialistic powers.

3. What is Imperialism?
An effort by stronger countries to dominate or control weaker countries or regions
This was began before the Industrial Revolution
Trading posts were established
Missionaries were sent
Colonies were established (Example: 13 colonies that became United States)

4. What is “New” Imperialism
Period in late 1800s when industrialized (stronger) nations aggressively tried to control weaker (non-industrialized) nations.
Often the stronger country:
Obtained natural resources from the weaker region
Sold manufactured goods to the weaker region
Target regions: India, Africa, and Asia

5. THE 5 MOTIVES OF NEW IMPERIALISM
1. EXPLORATORY ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS
4. IDEOLOGICAL
5. POLITICAL

6. Exploratory Imperialism
MOTIVE #1
Desire to explore “unknown” territory
Conduct scientific and medical research

7. Religious Imperialism
Motive #2
Religious Imperialism
Desire to spread Christianity & end slavery
Spread European values and moral beliefs

8. Ideological Imperialism
Motive #3
Ideological Imperialism
White race is superior- other cultures are primitive
Desire to “civilize” other cultures

9. Darwin’s Theory (read only)
"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin
"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin
1859 book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”
- Explained that basic organism give way to complex organisms over millions of years due to mutations that allow for a particular species (plant or animal) to best adapt to its surroundings.
- Objections to theory that human beings evolved from lesser species and that we are not unique creations of God.
Darwin was specifically speaking about the natural world (animals and how they react to predators, etc.).
NEXT SLIDE: Herbert Spencer

10. Social Darwinism
Belief that Western industrialized nations were powerful and successful because they “adapted best to the environment.”
This was based on Darwin’s theory on the natural world, but applied to human society by Herbert Spencer, a sociologist/philosopher
Herbert Spencer was a sociologist/philosopher
Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society
Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.”
On a personal level – “the strong and fit” rise to the top and advance in life while the weak decline.
Herbert Spencer

11. White Man’s Burden
Term is the title of a poem written by Rudyard Kipling
Refers to the supposed duty (burden) that civilized people have to “civilize” people not considered civilized

12. Political Imperialism
Motive #4
Political Imperialism
Desire to gain power, pride & security
Exercise military force & win colonies

13. Nationalism
By1700/1800’s, many countries had become strongly nationalistic
Summarize the meaning of the following quote in your notes:
A connection to a people and/or a place
Common language, religion, and national symbols
Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic
Napoleon helped Europe to become nationalistic in the early 1800s years later, most of the nations are strongly patriotic.
NEXT SLIDE: Social Darwinism

14. Economic Imperialism Motive #5 Expand and control foreign trade
Create new markets- global markets
Acquire raw materials and cheap labor
Export industrial technology

15. Early exploration and colonization was for spices

16. THEN TO ACQUIRE OTHER RAW MATERIALS

17. Next to acquire goods not found in Europe
Chinese silk and porcelain

18. ACQUIRE CHEAP LABOR

19. EXPORT Goods

20. THREE TYPES OF IMPERIALISM
How does the stronger region have influence in or dominate another weaker region?
1. Sphere of Influence
2. Colonialism
3. Protectorate

21. The “reach” of Great Britain
1. Sphere of Influence
Region or area where a foreign government or country has been given exclusive privileges such as:
Right to trade
Right to mine for natural resources.
The “reach” of Great Britain

22. Spheres of Influence in China

23. British Officer/Local Troops
2. Colonialism
Definition: Complete control of a country or region by a stronger country or region.
Two ways of ruling a colony:
Direct Rule (expensive): the ruling country brings in its own government officials and soldiers to run the colony.
Indirect Rule (less expensive): the ruling country uses “locals” to run the colony.
Very Expensive form of Imperial Control
In Burma, the local monarchy opposed British rule so the British abolished the monarchy and directly administered the country.
In Indochina, France imposed direct rule over southern provinces while the northern provinces were governed by a protectorate.
Colonialism (direct rule) is the first form of imperial control. There are others…
British Officer/Local Troops

24. Remember…..Until the American War for Independence
Our 1st Thirteen Colonies were still part of the British Empire

25. Areas in pink indicate areas controlled by the British at one time – Red is when its Empire was at its height

26. France and Great Britain carve up the world.

27. From North to South Africa
3. Protectorate
A weaker country or region has its own government, but it depends on another stronger country or region for its protection.
This allows stronger country to control the weaker one
2nd form of Imperial Control and cheaper
Local Governor
Local Officials
Local Soldiers
Local Customs – Important: maintains culture
From North to South Africa

28. PROTECTORATE : A COUNTRY WITH ITS OWN GOVERNMENT THAT’S UNDER THE CONTROL OF A MORE POWEFUL NATION.
American Protectorate/Territories today (shown on the next few slides):
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands

29. America Samoa
Australia

30. Guam

31. Northern Mariana Islands
China
Northern Mariana Islands
Australia

32. Puerto Rico

33. U.S. Virgin Islands

34. Essential Question:
Explain the five motives of Imperialism and analyze why each of these motives were important to the Imperialistic powers.