1. Evolution of Music: Part 1
by Dr. Jon K. Loessin
Wharton County Junior College

2. Georgian Chants
*The roots of the Georgian music can be found in the third millennium BC. This is confirmed by archaeological findings, such as three-hole pipe made of swan shin bone. In the ancient period 7 hole-pipes, lyres, bag-pipes, banduras, drums etc. were already in use.
*Georgian sacred and secular music has a rich and complex history, relatively little of which is documented in any depth in English. Very strikingly, Georgian music uses an ancient system of polyphony, usually in three parts, and a unique tuning system conceived outside of what the western ear is used to. It makes a great use of parallel motion and dissonance (and usually ending in a unison pitch). Therefore, you are hearing tone pairings that speak a different musical vocabulary.
Populus Sion

3. Gothic Era Music
Gothic—A term often used to refer to the late middle ages (a.d )
Examples:
Organum Viderunt omnes (abt. 1160)
Roman de Fauvel (abt.1250)

4. Music of the Royal Courts: The Renaissance Period
13th-16 centuries
Composers include Giovanni Palestrina and William Byrd

5. The Baroque Period: 17th Century
--Birth of “modern” music for the era
--Represented an awakening in musical composition
--Sophistication and repetition of harmony through an aesthetic emotional method
Composers include Antonio Vivaldi ( ), Johann Sebastian Bach ( ), and Georg Frideric Handel ( )

6. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: The Brandenburg Concertos; Concertos for Violin

7. George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: Messiah; Arrival of the Queen of Sheba; Love in Bath; Water Music

8. The Classical Period: 18th Century
Composers included the great
master composers like Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart (
Austria) and
Ludwig von
Beethoven (
Germany)

9. Beethoven and Mozart Beethoven Compositions include:
Symphony No. 5 and Für Elise
Mozart’s works include: Eine kleine Nachtmusik and Turkish March

10. The Romantic Period: Dominated the 19th Century
Divided into the early romantic, romantic, and late romantic periods, but dominated by the music of the German composer Richard Wagner ( )

11. Other Romantic Period Composers
Franz Schubert ( )
Frederik Chopin ( )
Johann Strauss II ( )
Johannes Brahms ( )
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( )
The 19th century also witnessed the Post-Romantic (like Gustav Mahler), Modern Romantic (like Sergei Rachmaninov) , and Expressionist composers (like Maurice Ravel)

12. Maurice Ravel ( )
Ravel became famous for what some say is the most sensual and erotic musical composition of all time: Bolero
It is so synonymous with Ravel it is usually referred to as Ravel’s Bolero