1. Skeletal system Devon Academy Of Complementary Therapies

2. Skeletal Functions Supports body Protects viscera Movement
Skeletal System
Skeletal Functions
Supports body
Protects viscera
Movement
Forms blood cells
Muscles attachments
Stores calcium & phosphorus
Forms joints

3. F E S T P O Frontal Parietal Sphenoid Occipital Ethmoid Temporal
Skeletal System F E S T P O
Frontal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Occipital
Ethmoid
Temporal
Bones of the Cranium

4. Skeletal System F E S T P O
Bones of the Cranium
Devon Academy © 2004

5. Nasal Hyoid Lacrimal Vomer Turbinate Zygomatic Palatine Maxilla
Skeletal System
Nasal
Hyoid
Lacrimal
Vomer
Turbinate
Zygomatic
Palatine
Maxilla
Mandible
Bones of the Face

6. Skeletal System
Bones of the Face

7. Spinal Column 33 vertebrae 7 Cervical (neck) 1st Atlas 2nd Axis
Skeletal System
Spinal Column
33 vertebrae
7 Cervical (neck)
1st Atlas
2nd Axis
12 Thoracic (ribs)
Thoracic or rib cage
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccyx

8. Rib (Thoracic) Cage Clavicle Manubrium Sternum
Skeletal System
Rib (Thoracic) Cage
Clavicle
Manubrium
Sternum
12 Thoracic vertebrae (Ribs)
7 true
3 false
2 floating

9. Skeletal System
Shoulder Girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus

10. Pelvic Girdle Innominate Bones Ilium Ischium pubis Sacrum
Skeletal System
Pelvic Girdle
Innominate Bones
Ilium
Ischium
pubis
Sacrum
Symphysis Pubis
Coccyx

11. Skeletal System
Arm Bones
Humerus Radius Ulna

12. Hand Bones 6. Trapezium 5. Trapezoid 7. Scaphoid 4.Capitate 1. Lunate
Skeletal System
Hand Bones
6. Trapezium
5. Trapezoid
7. Scaphoid 6
4.Capitate 5 7
1. Lunate 4 1 2 3 10 8 9
2. Pisiform
8. Triquetral
3. Hamate
9 Phalanges
10. Metacarpals
Gail Lowe 0904

13. Skeletal System
Hand Bones
Devon Academy © 2004 6. 5. 7. 6 4. 5 7 1. 4 1 2 3 10 8 9 2. 8. 3. 9
10.
Gail Lowe 0904

14. Carpals Some Scaphoid Lazy Lunate Therapists Trapezoid Pass Pisiform
Skeletal System
Carpals
Some
Lazy
Therapists
Pass
Having
Copied
Twenty
Times
Scaphoid
Lunate
Trapezoid
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezium
Triquetral

15. Skeletal System
Bones of the Leg
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula

16. Foot Bones Talus 7 Tarsals Navicular 3 Cuneiforms Calcaneus Cuboid
Skeletal System
Foot Bones
Talus
7 Tarsals
Navicular
3 Cuneiforms
Calcaneus
Cuboid
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges
Gail Lowe 0904

17. Skeletal System
Foot Bones 7 3 5 14
Gail Lowe 0904

18. Bone structure 2 types Bone tissue 1. Compact - near the surface
Skeletal System
Bone structure
2 types Bone tissue
1. Compact -
near the surface
Haversian canal;
blood
lymph
nerves
Found outside of most
bones and inside shaft
of long bones
2. Cancellous or Spongy bone
Consists of cavities which strengthen the bone
Consists of bone marrow
Found on ends long bones, inside irregular, flat & sesamoid bones
All bones have both types of tissue

19. Bone structure Types of Bone cells Red & yellow bone marrow
Skeletal System
Bone structure
Types of Bone cells
Osteoblasts, bone forming
Osteoclasts, breaking down or reabsorbing
Osteocytes – mature cells
Red & yellow bone marrow
Yellow
Fat storage
Red
Blood cell production
Red & white cells, platelets
Periosteum – white covering

20. Bone types - shape Flat Bone Short Bone Irregular Bone
Skeletal System
Bone types - shape
Flat Bone
Short Bone
Irregular Bone
Occipital, parietal, Scapula, sternum Innominate bones
Tarsals, carpals
Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible, maxilla
Long Bone
Sesamoid Bone
Femur, humerus, metacarpals, ulna phalanges, radius
Patella, hyoid

21. Three types of Joint Fixed or Fibrous
Skeletal System
Three types of Joint
Fixed or Fibrous
No movement
Fissures of Skull
Innominate
Slightly moveable or cartilaginous
Cartilage between vertebrae
Freely Moveable or Synovial
Lubricated with synovial fluid
Five types; Hinge; gliding; ball and socket; saddle; pivot

22. Freely Moveable Joints or Synovial Joints
Skeletal System
Freely Moveable Joints or Synovial Joints
Condyloid
Ball & Socket
Hinge
Elbow, knee,
Ankle, phalanges
Tarsals, Carpals
Hip, Shoulder
Saddle
Pivot
Atlas, axis (neck)
Radius & Ulna (forearm)
Thumb

23. Growth & Repair Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Epiphysis Diaphysis
Skeletal System
Growth & Repair
Osteoblasts
bone forming cell
Osteoclasts
cells that absorb old bone
Epiphysis
a separate bone developed in infancy later joining main structure
Diaphysis
mid section. contains bone marrow
Ossification
laying down of new bone

24. Postural Deformities Causes: Congenital Environmental Traumatic
Skeletal System
Postural Deformities
Causes:
Congenital
Birth, hereditary
Environmental
Postural damage
Traumatic
Accidents
Three types:
Scoliosis
Sideways curve
Kyphosis
Outward or posterior curve
Thoracic spine
Quasimodo
Lordosis
Inward or anterior curvature
Lumbar spine
Big bellied
SCOLIOSIS
LORDOSIS
KYPHOSIS

25. Diseases Arthritis Gout – Form of arthritis One joint – mono
Skeletal System
Diseases
Arthritis
One joint – mono
Many joints - poly
Heat, redness, pain
Inflammation, Loss cartilage
Gout – Form of arthritis
Effects all parts of body, mostly big toe
Mostly men
Uric acid crystals within joint capsule
Attacks cause chronic joint destruction
Extremely painful, red swollen

26. Rheumatoid Arthritis - Auto immune Disease
Osteoarthritis
Skeletal System
Previous injury, age related
Degenerative crumbling of joint
Weight bearing joints, Knee, hips etc
Pain eases after 20 min’s movement
85% people over the 70 years age
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Auto immune Disease
Body fighting itself
Attacks synovial membrane causing deformities to the surface of the bone

27. Ankylosing Spondylitis
Skeletal System
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Acute or chronic
Fusion of joints
Severe deformity
immobility
Osteoporosis
Calcium deficiency
Accelerated bone loss
Mostly post menopausal women
Bone Porosity
Brittle bones disease

28. Skeletal System
Synovitis
Inflammation of a synovial (joint-lining) membrane, usually painful, particularly on motion, and characterized by swelling
Ganglion
Cyst of a tendon sheath or joint capsule producing a tense round painful swelling – seen almost only on the back of the hand or wrist

29. Bone Cancer Loss of limbs
Skeletal System
Bone Cancer
Primary bone cancer is very rare - about 500 cases in the UK each year
Loss of limbs
People loose their limbs for a variety of reasons through accidents and illness
Prosthesis
Prosthetics may be useful in aiding movement and aiding normal function

30. Comminuted Complicated Compound Impacted Simple G R E N S T I C k
Skeletal System
Comminuted
Complicated G R E N S T I C k
Compound
Impacted
Simple

31. Osteomalacia Spinal Stenosis Whiplash
softening of bones due to defective bone mineralization
(rickets in children)
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of spinal column
Whiplash
Represents a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck.

32. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Congenital disease known as brittle bone disease
Psoriatic Arthritis
an inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis
Pagets Disease
an abnormal breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

33. Slipped Disc Weakening or tearing spinal disc
Skeletal System
Slipped Disc
Weakening or tearing spinal disc
Disc bulges or sticks out
Often pressing on nerves
Excruciating pain

34. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Skeletal System
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Pressure on the median nerve of the wrist
Cause - Swelling of the tissue
Symptoms - aching, tingling, burning, pins and needles, numbness.
Worse at night, in morning
Repetitive Strain Injury – RSI
Umbrella term - occupational origin
Tendonitis and carpal tunnel syndrome
Non specific pain syndrome
Almost always of
Spine, neck, shoulders, wrist etc
Symptoms include: -
Numbness, tingling, sharp pain, ache, loss of grip, weakness, restricted movement

35. Stress on the skeletal system
Muscle tension increases causing
poor posture
Clenched jaws
Hunched shoulders
Stiff joints
Problems with spine

36. Links to other systems Muscular Nervous Digestive Urinary Circulatory
Skeletal System
Links to other systems
Muscular
Skeletal rely on the muscles for leverage and movement
Nervous
Stimulate muscles in turn move bones
Digestive
Breaks down nutrients which are transported through the circulatory system to nourish bone tissues
Urinary
Hormones produced by the kidneys stimulate the the production of bone marrow in long bones
Circulatory
Erythrocytes are produced in the bone marrow

37. Skeletal System
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!