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Memory & the Medial Temporal Lobe

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Presentation on theme: "Memory & the Medial Temporal Lobe"— Presentation transcript:

1 Memory & the Medial Temporal Lobe
Lecture 20

2 Memory Storage of information perceptions learning personality
Information processing approach RAM vs. hard drive Multiple memory stores different characteristics Clive Wearing ~

3 Multiple Memories Sensory memory capacity: large; sensory receptors
duration: < 1 sec. Short-term memory (STM) capacity: 7 ± 2 chunks duration: < 1 min. maintenance: rehearsal ~

4 Multiple Memories Long-term memory (LTM)
capacity: functionally unlimited duration: minutes - years Working memory intermediate to STM & LTM information needed longer than 1 min, but not permanent ~

5 A Model of Memory STM LTM rehearsal stimuli transfer attention Sensory
retrieval forgetting forgetting forgetting

6 Subdivisions of LTM 1. Declarative - Explicit Episodic:
autobiographical time-tagged, automatic Semantic: generic not time-tagged, effortful ~

7 Subdivisions of LTM 2. Procedural – Implicit
non-declarative, unconscious Motor learning Nonassociative Learning modulation of reflexes Associative Learning Classical & Operant Conditioning ~

8 Neural Mechanism of STM
Donald Hebb Change in neural activity not structural temporary Reverberatory Circuits cortical loops of activity activity persists for short period of time ~

9 Reverberating loops Maintains neural activity for a period

10 Neural Mechanism of LTM
LTM relatively permanent structural change required Hebbian Synapse use strengthens synaptic efficiency requires simultaneous activity pre- and postsynaptic neurons Long-term potentiation (LTP) ~

11 Before LTP

12 After LTP

13 Where are memories stored?
Engram physical change representing learning and memory Lashley Mass Action & Equipotentiality Classical Conditioning: Eye-blink lateral interpositus nucleus of cerebellum Memories stored locally in different parts of brain ~

14 H.M. Greatest contribution to study of memory can’t remember any of it
similar to Clive Wearing Bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to control seizures hippocampus (HC) ~

15 Hippocampus Mid-sagittal View

16 Spared some memory Personality Intelligence LTM Verbal STM memory OK
Motor skills

17 Memory Deficits Retrograde Anterograde Some retrograde amnesia
but many old memories intact Severe anterograde amnesia unable to form new memories ~ Trauma time Retrograde Anterograde

18 Evidence of deficits Digit Span + 1 Block tapping memory span
Delayed-matching-to-sample verbal OK - rehearsal nonverbal impaired – ellipses ~

19 Evidence of Spared Abilities
Performance improved with practice Procedural memory but no conscious memory of it Mirror Drawing Tower of Hanoi ~

20 Conclusions: Role of Hippocampus
Removal of HC  deficits Memory Storage? STM not in HC LTM not in HC HC transfers info STM  LTM? Declarative memories: YES Procedural: NO H. M. anterograde amnesia for declarative memories ~

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