1. Punctuation Patterns

2. Independent Clauses

3. What is an Independent Clause???
Independent clauses can stand alone as sentences.
Independent clauses do contain a subject and a verb.

4. How are they different from dependent clauses?????
Independent clauses can stand alone as sentences because they can express a complete thought.

5. Examples of Independent clauses
The band performed excellent at the game.
The band has practice tomorrow.
She loves music!
I can’t help but tap my foot to the beat!

6. How to use Independent clauses:
Independent clauses may be used alone as a sentence.
Independent clauses may be used together when separated by a semicolon.
Independent clauses may be used together when connected with a comma and a FANBOY.
Independent clauses may be used together when connected with a semicolon, a BIGWORD, and a comma.

7. You will learn to use these formulas in the next few days with punctuation patterns.

8. Dependent Clauses

9. What is a Dependent Clause???
Dependent Clauses cannot stand alone as sentences.
Dependent Clauses do contain a subject and a verb.

10. WHY?????
Dependent Clauses do not stand alone as sentences because they don’t form a complete thought.

11. How can you identify a dependent clause?
Dependent Clauses can often be marked by dependent clause markers.

12. Common Dependent Clause Markers
After
Although As
As if
Because
Before
Even though
In order to
Since
Though
Unless
Until
Whatever
When
Whenever
Whether
While

13. Examples of Dependent Clauses
Because class ran over time today
After she thought about it
Whenever she sees him
Even though she knows better

14. How to use Dependent Clauses:
Dependent Clauses may be used at the beginning of sentences when followed by a comma and an independent clause.
Dependent Clauses may be used at the end of the sentence preceded by an independent clause.

15. Punctuation Pattern #1
Punctuation patterns teach us to use independent and dependent clauses together. They show us how to eliminate comma splices, run-on sentences, and sentence fragments.

16. Independent clause, FANBOYS independent clause.
Punctuation Pattern #1
Independent clause, FANBOYS independent clause.

17. What are the FANBOYS??? (Another word for a conjunction)
SEVEN coordinating conjunctions
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So

18. Coordinating Conjunctions
Some words are happy staying alone.
Some words are not happy until they have company.
They are joiners.
This is what a coordinating conjunction is!
Conjunctions are connecting words that connect two parts of a sentence.

19. Independent clause, FANBOYS independent clause.
I went to the store, and I forgot milk.
For this comma to be correct, you must have a subject and a verb on both sides of the FANBOYS word, and each clause must be independent.
I went to the store and forgot milk.
No subject = no comma

20. Both underlined parts of the sentence can stand alone as sentences because they are independent clauses. With the addition of the comma and the coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) the sentence becomes grammatically correct.

21. Independent clause; BIG WORD, independent clause.
Punctuation Pattern #2
Independent clause; BIG WORD, independent clause.

22. Independent clause; BIGWORD, independent clause.
I went to the store; however,I forgot milk.

23. What is a BIGWORD? Independent word markers: Also Consequently However
Moreover
Therefore
Nevertheless

24. Independent marker word
Definition: A connecting word that is at the beginning of an independent clause.
The words can begin a sentence that can stand alone.
When these words come at the beginning of a sentence, put a comma after them since it is an introductory word.
These words can also be used as interrupters and will need commas around them.
When the second sentence is an independent clause, you can use a semicolon and a comma.

25. The familiar independent clause marker...
Common Conjunctive Adverbs
also incidentally next anyway indeed
instead nonetheless still moreover therefore
finally consequently likewise thus then meanwhile nevertheless however besides otherwise
Common Transitional Phrases
after all on the contrary in fact
at any rate on the other hand for example
by the way in addition in other words
for instance as a result even so

26. Both underlined parts of the sentence can stand alone as sentences because they are independent clauses. With the addition of the semicolon and the independent clause marker (BIGWORD) and the comma, the sentence becomes grammatically correct.

27. Independent clause; independent clause.
Punctuation Pattern #3
Independent clause; independent clause.

28. Independent clauses This pattern can only be used at certain times.
The two independent clauses connected with a semicolon must be connected/related in some way.

29. Independent clause; independent clause.
I went to the store; I forgot milk.
James went to the store; he forgot milk.
This word is
always lower
case.

30. Both underlined parts of the sentence can stand alone as sentences because they are independent clauses. With the addition of the semicolon the sentence becomes grammatically correct.

31. Dependent clause, independent clause.
Punctuation Pattern #4
Dependent clause, independent clause.

32. Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses are marked by dependent clause markers.
Dependent clauses contain both a subject and a verb.
Dependent clauses cannot stand alone due to the fact that they do not make complete thoughts.

33. The familiar dependent clause markers...
After
Although As
As if
Because
Before
Even if
Even though If
In order to
Since
Though
Unless
Until
Whatever
When
Whenever
Whether
While

34. Dependent clause, independent clause.
When I went to the store, I forgot milk.
Dependent Clause
Independent Clause

35. The italicized part of the sentence is a dependent clause because it cannot stand alone. When the comma was added preceding the independent clause, the sentence became grammatically correct.

36. Independent clause dependent clause.
Punctuation Pattern #5
Independent clause dependent clause.
NO PUNCTUATION when the independent clause comes first

37. Independent Clause dependent clause. NO PUNCTUATION!
I forgot the milk when I went to the store.

38. The underlined part of the sentence is an independent clause
The underlined part of the sentence is an independent clause. The italicized part of the sentence is a dependent clause. By simply adding the dependent clause to the end of the independent clause it causes the sentence to be grammatically correct.