1. The Colonial Era
U.S. History- Unit 1

2. Standards
SSUSH1 Compare and contrast the development of English settlement and colonization during the 17th Century.
SSUSH2 Describe the early English colonial society and investigate the development of its governance.

3. Key Concepts Mercantilism Self-governance Trans-Atlantic Trade
Salutary Neglect
Southern Colonies
The Great Awakening
New England Colonies
Traditional Authority
Mid-Atlantic Colonies
European Cultural Diversity
Foodways
Middle Passage

5. What’s the purpose of the following political cartoon?

7. Mercantilism (SSUSH1a)
The founders of the British colonies were greatly influenced by an economic theory known as mercantilism.
Mercantilism is an economic concept where the colonies served only to provide raw materials to the English businesses.
Then, the English businesses used the raw materials to make finished goods and then sell the finished goods back to the colonists.

8. Navigation Acts (SSUSH1a)
All goods shipped to or from British North America had to travel in British ships, and any goods exported to Europe had to land first in Britain to pay British taxes.
Some goods could be exported to Britain only.
These restrictions were designed to keep the colonies from competing against Britain.
Consequently, the English and its businesses became stronger and wealthier, and the colonies became poorer and weaker.

10. Trans-Atlantic Trade (SSUSH1a)
Mercantilism also inspired Britain to control the trans- Atlantic trade with its American colonies.
Trans-Atlantic trade or the Triangular Trade connected Europe, the Americas, and Africa through trade.

12. Southern Colonies (SSUSH1b)
Included: Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia
Reason established: Colonists searching for gold and other financial resources
Impact of location and place: The location of the Southern Colonies, with the region’s rich soil and long growing season, fostered the development of strong agricultural producing colonies.

14. Southern Colonies (SSUSH1b)
Relations with American Indians: Relations with American Indians in the Southern Colonies began somewhat as a peaceful coexistence. As more English colonists began to arrive and encroach further into native lands, the relationship became more violent.
Economic development: Economy based on agriculture, development of cash-crops (tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton)

15. House of Burgesses
First legislative assembly of representatives in the colonies
First met in Jamestown on July 30, 1619
Included two citizens from each of Virginia’s 11 districts
Raised taxes and made laws
English governor had the authority to veto anything passed

16. Bacon’s Rebellion- 1676
Uprising of Virginia frontiersmen by Nathaniel Bacon
Arose due to the rich elite vs poor farmers
Farmers said Governor Berkley was not providing protection against American Indian raids
Berkley fled the capital and Jamestown was burned
Rebellion collapsed when Bacon died
This rebellion leads to the end of indentured servitude and an increase in the use of slavery

17. Review Questions How did mercantilism impact the Colonist?
How did mercantilism impact the British?
What was the significance of the trans-Atlantic trade on the Colonies?
What three continents were included in trans-Atlantic trade?
Explain the development of the Southern Colonies
Reason established: _________________________________
Impact of location and place: _______________________
Relations with American Indians: _______________________
Economic development: _______________________________

19. What does this map tell you about the Southern and New England Colonies?

20. New England Colonies (SSUSH1c)
Included: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire
Reason established: Puritans settle the colonies for religious reasons
Impact of location and place: The poor, thin, rocky soils and a relatively short growing season that made farming difficult. However, plentiful forests and proximity to the sea led New Englanders to eventually develop a thriving ship building industry.

21. New England Colonies (SSUSH1c)
Relations with American Indians: The New Englanders did not openly embrace the American Indians but relied on them for help in the difficult early years for survival. As the English population increased, the colonist had conflict with American Indians due to settlement and ownership of land.
Economic development: Economy base on trading, small business and fishing industry shipping of goods

22. Puritans
Puritans wanted to “purify” the church of England and rid it of Catholic rituals
Puritans wanted to create a “holy” community.
Some Puritans wanted to separate from any church affiliation, they became known as Separatists
One of the most popular groups of Separatists were the Pilgrims
This group founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620, the 2nd permanent English settlement in North America
The Mayflower Compact signed by the Pilgrims was the first written form of government

23. King Philip’s War
An attempt by American Indians to unite all native tribes to defeat the English
Native Americans resisted colonial laws and revolted
After a year long battle & food shortage the Indians were forced to give up.
52/90 colonial towns were attacked with 16 being destroyed
Puritans displayed Chief Metacom’s (King Philip) severed head in Plymouth for 20 years.
With his defeat, the Native American power in New England was gone forever.

25. Compare and contrast the Mid-Atlantic, New England, and Southern Colonies base of the following map

26. Mid-Atlantic Colonies (SSUSH1d)
Included: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Reason established: For religious (religious tolerance) and economic reasons
Impact of location and place: The colonies were geographically fortunate to have good harbors and river systems that significantly shaped their trade based economy. However, the Mid-Atlantic Colonies also farmed significant quantities of wheat and corn, similar to the cash crop production of their southern neighbors.

27. Mid-Atlantic Colonies (SSUSH1d)
Relations with American Indians: The natives who resided there were typically relied upon for trade with the English and not the target of war, as was often the case in the other English colonial regions
Economic development: Trading and agriculture based economies

28. William Penn
William Penn’s father died, King Charles II owed his father money. Penn asked for the money to be exchanged for land in America
Quakers: Protestants religious group with radical social beliefs for the time period. They believed that God’s inner light burned inside everyone. They held services without formal ministers, dressed plainly, refused to refer to persons of rank, opposed war, and refused to serve in the militarily
Penn establishes Pennsylvania and guaranteed every adult male 50 acres of land and the right to vote.
The government called for a representative assembly and freedom of speech
Philadelphia capital city means “City of Brotherly Love”

29. New Amsterdam New Netherlands/New Amsterdam
Founded by Dutch in 1621 – to expand fur trading
Diversity: Slow to colonize
Germans and Scandinavians join
English takeover
1664 Duke of York gets permission from king to push out the “Dutch Wedge”
Later gives land to friends calls it New Jersey

30. Describe how these charts impacted the Colonies?

31. European Cultural Diversity (SSUSH2a)
Various European cultures came to be represented in England’s American Colonies
Immigrants traveled from Scotland, Ireland, Netherlands, and Germany.
Religious immigrants included Protestant sects, Catholicism, Judaism, and Quakerism.
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies were the most diverse because there was no dominant culture.

32. Review Questions Explain the development of the Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Explain the development of the New England Colonies
Reason established:________________________
Impact of location and place: __________________
Relations with American Indians: ________________
Economic development: _____________________
Explain the development of the Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Reason established: ____________________
Impact of location and place: _______________
Relations with American Indians: _____________
Economic development: _______________________
How did the European immigrants impact colonial society?

33. Primary Source Analysis
“When we have had some of these slaves on board my master's vessels to carry them to other islands, or to America, I have known our mates to commit these acts most shamefully, to the disgrace, not of Christians only, but of men. I have even known them gratify their brutal passion with females not ten years old; and these abominations some of them practiced to such scandalous excess, that one of our captains discharged the mate and others on that account.” 
― By Olaudah Equiano

36. The Middle Passage (SSUSH2b)
The Middle Passage was the portion of the Trans- Atlantic trade route where slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas.
Slaves were brought to the Americas on dangerous slaves ships.
Once in the Americas slaves were force to fill the labor roles in the colonies
West Africans sold Slaves to the Americas for rum, cloth, weapons, and other manufactured goods.

38. African American Population (SSUSH2b)
African American culture grew as a result of increase in need for unskilled labor.
The population had its greatest increase in the Southern Colonies due to the need for unskilled labor in the cash-crop fields such as tobacco.

39. Cultural Contributions of African Americans (SSUSH2b)
There was not one African American culture, slaves represented a large number of different cultures.
Slave owners attempted to strip away the cultural identity of slaves by placing them with African Americans brought from different cultures.
However, slave on plantations started to develop their own culture

40. Cultural Contributions of African Americans (SSUSH2b)
Examples of African American culture
Architecture: Shotgun House Plan
Agriculture: Okra, watermelon, sweet potatoes
Foodways: Methods of cooking such as BBQ

42. Salutary Neglect (SSUSH2c)
Salutary Neglect (1720’s-1760’s): British policy that believed the colonies would become more economically productive if they were not restricted by British policies that limited their ability to trade and govern.

43. Salutary Neglect (SSUSH2c)
Early Examples of American Self-Governance
House of Burgesses: In Virginia, he first representative form of government in the colonies
Mayflower Compact: First governing document of the New England colonies (majority rule)
Town Meetings: In New England colonies, citizens directly voted on a variety of political issues.

44. Why would an artist draw the following picture?

45. What is happening to the number of Churches in the Colonies
What is happening to the number of Churches in the Colonies? Is this a positive or negative situation?

46. The Great Awakening (SSUSH2d)
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that encourage colonist to develop their own personal relationship with God.
Preachers stressed the power of the individual and to resist the power of the Church of England
As a result of the Great Awakening, colonists began questioning traditional authority.
Which leads colonists to rebel against the British government and inspires the American Revolution.

47. Primary Source Analysis
“The Enlightenment slowly helped undermine the power of traditional authority---- something the Great Awakening did as well, But unlike the Great Awakening, the Enlightenment encouraged men and women to look to themselves—not to God---- for guidance as to how to live their lives and to shape society. Enlightenment thought, with its emphasis on human rationality, encouraged a new emphasis on education and a heightened interest in politics and government. Most Enlightenment figures did not challenge religion and insisted that rational inquiry would support not undermine, Christianity.”
Source: American History, 14th Edition, By Alan Brinkley, McGraw-Hill

48. Review Questions Define the Great Awakening Define Middle Passage
What was the significance of the Middle Passage?
What are 3 contributions of African Americans during the Colonial Era?
Define Salutary Neglect
How did Salutary Neglect impact colonist?
List 3 example of Salutary Neglect
________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Define the Great Awakening
What was the significance of the Great Awakening?