1. NATIONAL SECURITY : CONCEPT and DIMENSIONS
Vijendra Singh (D. Phil.) Assistant Professor & Head in Defence and Strategic Studies, Sakaldiha P. G. College, Sakaldiha Chandauli, U.P.

2. The concept of ‘national security’ was introduced by ‘Walter Lippmann’ in his book ‘U.S. Foreign Policy: Shield of the Republic’ published in 1943.
The concept was officially accepted in the 1947 National Security Act which laid the basis for the establishment of the U.S. National Security Council.  
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3. 1.1 National Security in terms of Power & Peace
Realist school – Power E. H. Car, Hans J. Morgenthau,
George Kennan, Kenneth Waltz
Instrument- Armed Forces, Diplomatic
Service, Intelligence
[Security is a by product of power.]
Idealist school – Peace – Woodrow Wilson, Alfred Zimmern,
Philip Noel-Baker, Pitman Potter
Instrument- Dialogues, Disarmament & arms
control, Cooperation & Treaties
[Security is the result of peace.]
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4. 1.2 Concept of National Security
Walter Lippmann – protection of core values (political
freedom & territorial integrity )
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5. Arnold Wolfers –
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6. Barry Buzan (1983)-
“National security encompasses the three levels of the security problems- the individual, the state and the international system National security encompasses the three levels of the security problems- the individual, the state and the international system”.
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7. Krishnaswamy Subrahmanyam (19 January 1929 – 2 February 2011)-
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8. National security is a continuous process.
Security is a physical condition or situation where all living being have full opportunity to concentrate on how to develop their inherent potential in their desired fashion in most fruitful manner without resistance. (okLro esa lqj{kk ,d HkkSfrd fLFkfr gS tgkW izR;sd thfor izk.kh dks viuh {kerkvksa esa viuh bPNkuqlkj c`f) djus dh Lora+=rk gks vkSj tgkW u dsoy fgalk dh vuqifLFkfr ,oa ,d larks’ktud okrkoj.k gh u gks cfYd ogkW C;fDr rFkk lekt dh leLr vko”;drkvksa dk lEeku lEHko gksA )
National security is a continuous process.
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9. Then, what is national security?
To maintain national integrity & sovereignty.
To maintain a justified political and constitutional system in the country.
To maintain a strong economic system and to develop the country scientifically & technologically.
To develop a satisfied society depending on social justice, having equal distribution of resources.
To develop a strong and efficient disaster management system.
To develop the national values like non-violence, disarmament, world government etc.
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10. 2.0 Threats to National Security
TRADITIONAL
POLITICAL FREEDOM
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
NON -TRADITIONAL
POLITICAL INSTABILITY
PROBLEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY
PROBLEM OF ENERGY SECURITY
FORCED MIGRATION
PROBLEM OF HUMAN RIGHTS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS & CULTURAL INSECURITY
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11. 3.0 DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
MILITARY SECURITY
POLITICAL SECURITY
ECONOMIC SECURITY
SOCIAL & CULTURAL SECURITY
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
POLITICAL FREEDOM
ECONOMIC & DEELOPMENT
SOCIAL JUSTICE & COHESIVENESS
SURVIVAL OF HUMAN BEING
MILITARY POWER,
INTELLIGENCE
& DIALOGUS
DIPLOMACY, DIALOGUS & INTELLIGENCE
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
PROMOTION OF OUR ANCIENT TRADITIONS, PHILOSOPHY & IDEOLOGY
MUTUAL COOPERATION
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12. 4.1 Human Security ¼tu lqj{kk½
The concept emerged from a post-Cold War, multi-disciplinary understanding of security involving a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights.
Dr. Mahbub ul Haq first drew global attention to the concept of human security in the United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report and sought to influence the UN's 1995 World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen.
The United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that insuring "freedom from want" and "freedom from fear" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity.
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13. 4.2 DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN SECURITY
The UNDP's 1994 Human Development Report's definition of human security argues that the scope of global security should be expanded to include threats in seven areas-
Economic security
Food security
Health security
Environmental security
Personal security
Community security
Political security
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14. 4.3 NATIONAL SECURITY vs. HUMAN SECURITY
Security for whom
State
Individual
Security for what
Territorial integrity
National independence
Personal safety
Individual freedom
Security from what
Threats from other states
Threats from states
NSA
Indirect threats
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15. 5.0 INDIAS NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES
PART- A
India's role in the world strategic arena and world organizations– U.N.O.
India's opinion on W.T.O., labour & environmental issues
India's credit as a regional power
India and neighboring countries
PART- B
Cross Border Problems - Terrorism, Money Laundering, Drug Trafficking, Refugee Problems
Problems of Insurgency, Naxlite Movement, PSALW
PART- C
Corruption, Low Education, Poverty, Unemployment
Problems of food & water security
Lack of social cohesiveness
Problem of cultural security
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16. 6.0 The road ahead POLITICAL STABILITY
MORAL
EDUCATION
CORRUPTION
FREEDOM FROM FEAR & WANT
POLITICAL STABILITY
liberty, Equity & Social Justice
GOOD GOVERNANCE
DEMOCRACY
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17. Thank You!
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