1. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Ch. 1 Security Redefined: Sec. 4: The Impact of the War on Terrorism Sec. 5: Principles for a More Secure World

2. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 9/11 triggered “War on Terrorism” Problematic because: 1.Unlimited scope 2.Unlimited duration 3.Focus on narrow security challenge 4.Strong reliance on military 5.Extremist groups are not easy targets 6.Doesn’t address roots of extremism

3. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 May perpetuate cycle of violence 1.Undermined international cooperation 2.Weakened human rights laws 3.Taking resources away from basic issues Response of Europe has been ambiguous

4. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Some other countries (I.e. China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Israel, Philippines, Russia) 1.Strike opponents with impunity 2.Heavy handed actions 3.Human rights violations “Human rights and humanitarian laws are under greater threat worldwide than at any time since the UN was founded”

5. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 “The Iraq occupation has opened a Pandora’s box of violence and chaos” (p. 15) Security is absorbing reconstruction money Accelerated the radicalization of the population New recruiting ground for extremists

6. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Iraq war & Afghanistan Drains money from disarmament & reconstruction of Afghanistan Makes A. available to warlords Fertile ground for drug trade Afg. receives $1 for every $30 going to Iraq

7. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 In terms of global security Ignoring … Poverty Education Health epidemics Environmental degradation =all the root causes of insecurity Spending money on military

8. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Could spend money on… 1.Clean water & sewage systems 2.World hunger 3.Prevent soil erosion 4.Reproductive health care 5.Illiteracy 6.Immunizations 7.HIV/AIDS program & malaria =1/2 the money of the war in Iraq

9. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Aid to developing countries Declined during the 1990s Spend money on armed forces “It is the dimming of hope for a better future that helps fuel extremism and makes it easier for agitators to recruit”

10. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Section 5: Principles for a More Secure World 3 CORE PRINCIPLES Must persuade policymakers to change their ideas

11. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 #1--Strengthen civilian institutions Address the roots of insecurity Link environment, health, poverty, migration Careful: don’t promote adversarial thinking (promote cooperation)

12. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 #2--New security must be preventative “Security” =/= “prevent violence” Can’t only address symptoms “Band-aid measures” don’t work long- term: Disaster relief Emergency relief Refugee support & resettlement

13. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 #3--New security must be integrative Bring together broad range of experts: Political science Economics Sociology History Public health Etc.

14. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Development Peace (still part of #3) Lack of development -->insecurity Development requires –Peace & stability –Sustainability –Equity Not just maximizing economic growth

15. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Cooperation? Imbalanced government institutions –Political attention –Money

16. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Humanitarian Intervention Failed states can’t protect citizens Who can intervene? How? Must be to protect population, not defeat government Unfortunately sometimes only done if will advance powerful country’s agenda = “conquest masquerading as humanitarian action”

17. SOW2005 Ch. 1, Sections 4, 5 Intervention’s problems Fails principle #2 (prevention) Addresses symptoms, not reasons May stop violence but overlooks death & misery caused by poverty & environmental breakdown