1. Pathways for the Provision of Bio- Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa: The COMPETE Project Charles B.L. Jumbe, PhD University of Malawi, Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe MALAWI Presented at the FANRPAN Partners Meeting on 20 June 2008 at Kempton Park Conference Centre, South Africa

2. Outline Background The COMPETE Project Project set-up Project Outputs to-date Main policy issues from findings on policy reviews What next beyond the COMPETE Project?

3. Dependence on fossil fuels and the increasing fuel prices has forced countries to seek alternative fuel sources. If properly designed, biofuels can substantially help countries to reduce their fuel import bill stimulate rural development by using biofuels for electricity generation enhance rural incomes through small-scale feedstock production, processing and marketing (employment generation) Background

4. BUT if not properly regulated, it may lead to diversion of scarce natural resources (land, water) from food to bioenergy production damage livelihood/increase poverty especially among rural people who may not afford high food prices encourage large-scale expansion of biofuels that could push subsistence farmers & rural forest dwellers off. facilitate forest degradation & loss of biodiversity through the clearing of forests for the growing of energy crops Background

5. The objectives of the project are to establish a platform for policy dialogue & capacity building to identify pathways for the sustainable provision of bioenergy to enhance the exchange of knowledge on biofuels development The Compete Project

6. WP1 - Current Land Use Patterns WP2 –Improved Land Use WP3 –Sustainability Analysis of Alternative Land Use WP4 –South-South and North-South Cooperation WP5 –Financing of Alternative Land Use and International Trade WP6 –Policy Development(FARNPAN) WP7 –Dissemination: Concept and Set-up of a Competence Platform Project Set-up

7. To coordinate policy research To develop & evaluate policy initiatives for bioenergy development in Africa To develop a roadmap for policy research To provide policy recommendations on how to harness the potential of biofuels without damaging rural livelihoods and the ecosystem The Role of FANRPAN

8. Africa has a high comparative advantage in biofuels due to favourable climate, availability of land and biomass, as well as labour for growing energy crops Regional economic groupings in Africa such as SADC, COMESA and the AU do not have a coherent regional policy for the biofuels The lack of a coherent policy framework on biofuels puts rural communities at risk Main Findings

9. Few resources are allocated for biofuels research & technology development in SSA Developed countries such as USA, and Europe provide tax incentives to producers and consumers that makes biofuels in Africa less competitive BUT, evidence from Tanzania and Mali shows that bioenergy can be used as a tool for stimulating rural development and restoration of degraded lands Main Findings

10. Food security, particularly in the rural context, is likely to be threatened by unregulated expansion of biofuels Range of complementary strategies are required to create opportunities for rural communities to diversify their local livelihood strategies Agronomic & socioeconomic research is urgently needed in Africa to develop technical solutions to bio- energy production & stimulate synergies with food production Biofuels policies should be properly designed to ensure that they do not compromise food security Key Messages

11. As biofuels are expanding rapidly in Africa, FANRPAN should be in the forefront: RESEARCH- To support rigorous research & analysis to provide evidence- based responses to biofuel development –Better understand the direct and indirect impacts of bioenergy development on production systems. –Assess technical and policy options for both reducing the deleterious impacts and enhancing any benefits of biofuels development FANRPAN`S Niche

12. CAPACITY (POLICY ADVOCACY & DIALOGUE)-To provide guidance to governments on biofuels policy & guidelines that safeguard rural communities and the environment VOICE-To sensitize politicians & civil society on the potential benefits as well as dangers of unregulated biofuels expansion FANRPAN`S Niche

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