1. A “New” Country?
Was the surrender at Appomattox the end of a conflict or the beginning?

2. Lincoln’s Plan
Creation of a plan for re-entry created during war (1863) for those territories that came under control of the Union
10% Plan
10% of those who voted n 1860 – swear loyalty to the Union
States allowed to set up State Governments
Republican
Permanent freedom for blacks (13th Amendment)
Black education

3. Missing from Lincoln’s Plan
Vote for blacks
Restriction against Confederate officials

4. Wade-Davis Bill Passed Congress in July 1864
Majority of citizens of the state take the oath of loyalty
Default on confederate debts
No High Officials in the Confederate government could vote
No Volunteers in Confederate Army could vote
1st Pocket Veto in the United States

5. Assassination
John Wilkes Booth murders Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865
Andrew Johnson – a Union Democrat was Vice-President
Free homesteads
Public Education
Social Equality
Not anti-slavery
Anti-wealthy
Respected States’ Rights

6. Johnson’s Plan Amnesty
Granted to all Southerners except those who owned property in excess of $20,000
Those excluded from general amnesty had to request it on an individual basis
Required a loyalty oath
By December 1865, all southern states met requirement to re-enter the union based on Johnson’s plan. Many elected officials had served in the Confederate Army or Government

7. Congress Reacts Senator Charles Sumner
Radical Republican Demands to Ensure the End of Slavery:
Civil and political equality
Vote
Education
Property

8. Congress Reacts Thaddeus Stevens and Benjamin Wade
Moderate Republicans reflected a more careful protection of newfound freedom:
Protect political equality gained

9. South Reacts Black Codes Passed in all States:
Blacks could not bear arms
Blacks could only be employed in farming and domestic service
If a black person leaves his job, s/he forfeits back pay
“Misbehaviors” heavily fined
Inability to pay results in being hired out for short periods

10. Congress on the Black Codes
Attempts to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau
Pres. Johnson vetoes bill
Claim that it was a wartime bureau and it is unconstitutional to maintain a military organization in peace time (3rd amendment)
Civil Rights Act of 1866 (teeth of the 13th amendment)
No restrictions on blacks testifying on court
Blacks are allowed to enter into contracts for their labor
Blacks may own property
1st 2/3 override