1. Designing a Research Project

2. Define the Problem A creative process
“Why makes pilbug (rolly polly) populations grow?” is too large a problem to be solved in HS.
“Where do pillbugs prefer to live?” is a narrower focus.

3. Conduct Research Before generating a hypothesis:
Conduct background research to understand what other scientists have said about you topic.
Use this research to determine the variables of the study.

4. Create a Hypothesis It is objective? If__________... then________...
Must be testable
Does it show Cause & Effect?
If__________... then________...
(If Pillbugs prefer a natural soil chamber, then they will stay there at least 80% of the time)
It is objective?
Is it CLEAR?

5. Define Variables Think about Cause & Effect
Define the Independent Variable
THE CAUSE: Exposure by time to a variety of testing chambers
Define the Dependent Variable
THE EFFECT: # of pillbugs found in each testing chamber at the end of the experiment

6. Define Groups Define the Experimental Group(s)
plastic, wood chips, sand
Define the Control Group
Chamber with natural soil substrate

7. Design the Study USE A CONTROL GROUP or comparative sets of data
For behavioral studies, compare with known behavior in the wild

8. Design the Study Determine the Experimental Constants
Variables NOT altered during the experiment
Moisture level, temperature, food, lack of predation
Choose and Sketch the set-up

9. Design the Study
Determine the number of trials or groups needed for validity
10 pillbugs/chamber
15 thirty-second trials
Determine how the results will be quantified
# of pillbugs/ chamber/30 sec

10. Design the Study Write the Procedure Number the steps
Make them clear & repeatable
Use diagrams or a flow chart

11. Write a Proposal State the problem
Include a rationale and justification
List references you have found
If using vertebrates, justify their use and explain the humane manner in which they will be treated.

12. Write a Proposal State general procedures
Include the length of time the study will run
List materials/equipment
Estimate costs

13. Write a Proposal Indicate where the study will take place
Will any special facilities will be necessary?
Have you received permission?
How are you getting there?
State what results you expect to get

14. Collect Data in a Log Book
A diary, detailing all activities

15. Interpret & Draw Conclusions
Summarize data, show trends
DON’T make broad statements from small samples
Come to a conclusion: does the data validate your hypothesis?

16. Refine and Retest
If there is time…
Improve on the design
Re-test

17. Report the Findings Work closely with partners Use proper format
Include graphics
Make deadlines