1. Ecology

2. 8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem.
8.L.3.2 Summarize the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers including the positive and negative consequences of such interactions including:
coexistence and cooperation
competition (predator/prey)
parasitism
mutualism
8.L.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).

3. Ecosystem Organization

4. Ecology
Is the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment

5. Ecosystem Organization
While you watch the video define each level
Inside the pyramid draw a representation of each level
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

6. Ecosystem Organization
Organism – a single living thing
Population – all of the organisms of the same species that share a habitat
Community – all of the different populations in a particular area interact
Ecosystem – the living community as well as the physical environment in which the organisms live
Biome – major regional or global communities
Biosphere – the total area of Earth where living things are found

7. Environmental Factors
Biotic Factors – the living components
It has cells; grows or changes; reproduces; use energy
Abiotic Factors – the non-living components; the physical & chemical components
Temperature, Light, Soil, Water

8. Habitat vs. Niche
Niche – the role a species plays in a community; its total way of life
Habitat – the place in which an organism lives out its life

9. Food Web
Food Chain
Shows feeding relationships between many different consumers and producers in an ecosystem
Describes the feeding relationship between a producer and an single chain of consumers in an ecosystem

10. Trophic Levels
Food Pyramid
Is a layer in the structure of feeding relationships in an ecosystem
a model representing the numbers of organisms consumed at each successive level of the pyramid

11. Producer (Autotroph) Consumer (Heterotroph)
Decomposer
Ones that produce usable energy for the rest of the living organisms on earth
an organism that obtains food and energy by eating other organisms
grow on or in the dead or waste matter, absorbing the nutrients directly into their cells, which are then recycled back into the environment

12. Symbiotic
the close relationship of two dissimilar organisms

13. Competition
Two individuals vie for the same resources

14. Commensalism
One species benefits, one is not affected.

15. Predation
One individual feeds on another

16. Mutualism
Both species benefit. Relationship may not be essential for either.

17. Parasitism
One species benefits, one is harmed.

18. Carrying Capacity
Limiting Factors
the maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain
The factor that has the greatest effect on limiting population growth