1. Chapter 11 Lesson 1 Origins of World War II

2. The Treaty of Versailles
Massive Reparations The Allies demanded that Germany pay $33 billion in reparations to the Allies.

3. The Treaty of Versailles
Military Limitations The treaty reduced the size of Germany’s armed forces and prohibited them from crossing west of the Rhine River.

4. The Treaty of Versailles
Territory Reductions German territory was divided to reestablish Poland, giving it access to the Baltic Sea. In addition, territories were seized in the west by France and in the south to help create Czechoslovakia.

5. The Treaty of Versailles
How did the terms of the Treaty of Versailles lead to hardship and discontent in Germany?

6. The Rise of Dictators Italy
1919: Benito Mussolini started the Fascist movement in Italy.
1922: Mussolini threatened to march on Rome with the Fascist militia known as the Blackshirts.
Mussolini assumed the title of Il Duce, meaning “The Leader”.

7. The Rise of Dictators USSR
1922: The Communist Party declared the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics following the Russian Revolution.
1924: Joseph Stalin took power following the death of Communist leader Vladimir Lenin.
Stalin held absolute power and sought to eliminate all political and social opposition.
Nearly 2 million people were imprisoned in concentration camps by 1935.

8. The Rise of Dictators Germany
The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, demanded an end to conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles and sought to expand German territory.
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”), in which he claimed that Germans belonged to a master race called Aryans and that Slavic and Jewish peoples were inferior.
1934: Hitler gave himself the title of Der Führer, or “The Leader.”.

9. The Rise of Dictators Japan
1931: Japan invaded Manchuria in northern China. In response to U.S. pressure, Emperor Hirohito ordered troop withdrawals, but Minister of War Hideki Tōjō refused.
1937: Japan invaded Nanjing, killing as many as 300,000.
1941: Tōjō became prime minister.