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The Nature of Waves. The Nature of Waves What is a wave?

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Presentation on theme: "The Nature of Waves. The Nature of Waves What is a wave?"— Presentation transcript:

1

2 The Nature of Waves

3 What is a wave?

4 What is a WAVE? A wave is any disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space. Once the wave has moved, the disturbance is gone. The energy carried by ocean waves can break rocks.

5 Waves are created when a source creates a vibration.
What is a WAVE? Waves are created when a source creates a vibration. These vibrations are carried as “waves” and transfer “energy”

6 Waves are moving energy!
What is a WAVE? Waves are moving energy! The energy will cause materials to vibrate.

7 Waves only carry energy, not matter!
What is a WAVE? Waves only carry energy, not matter! Nearly all waves must have matter to travel through.

8 The matter through which a wave travels is called a MEDIUM.
How do waves travel? The matter through which a wave travels is called a MEDIUM.

9 Wave Behavior Waves move at different speeds in different materials!

10 Types of Waves

11 How are waves classified?

12 Transverse Waves: waves in which the particles vibrate in an up and down motion ex: light waves. The energy and matter are not moving the same direction. They move at a 90 degree angle. not sure?

13 The crest is the highest point on a transverse wave.
The trough is the lowest point on a transverse wave. The rest position of the wave is called the node or nodal line.

14 Transverse Wave copied

15 Transverse Wave copy this transverse wave into your notes!
rest position not sure? copy this transverse wave into your notes!

16 Carry energy along the wave
Longitudinal Waves: waves in which the particles vibrate back and forth in compressional pulses ex: sound waves copied Carry energy along the wave

17 Longitudinal Wave rarefaction
Compression- when waves are close together Rarefaction- when waves are far apart. not sure? copy this longitudinal wave into your notes!

18 Demonstration Materials: Slinky,
With a student on each end of a slinky, spread out so the slinky is stretched. Students can make transverse waves (image b) and longitudinal waves (image a).

19 Types of Waves Waves can also be classified on if they need a medium or don’t need a medium to travel…

20 Mechanical Waves Mechanical Waves need a medium to travel through, such as a solid, liquid or gas. Examples of Mechanical Waves: sound water ropes earthquakes tsunami waves Mechanical Waves can be either Transverse or Longitudinal

21 Mechanical Examples Waves at the beach Sound Waves from TV
Ocean or water Sound Waves from TV Air “The Wave at a stadium People Seismic waves that cause earthquakes Ground or Earth

22 Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves do NOT need a medium to travel through. Can travel through empty space Examples of Electromagnetic Waves: x-rays radio waves infrared radiation microwaves visible light

23 Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves are ALWAYS transverse waves.

24 Properties of Waves

25 What properties do waves have?

26 Amplitude Amplitude = wave height, Volume, as height increases, volume increases. Measured in Decibels

27 Amplitude larger amplitude = more energy

28 Wavelength Wavelength = distance between 2 crests or 2 troughs

29 Wavelength human eyes can detect electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers 1 nanometer = of a meter!!! 1,000,000,000

30 Wavelength human eyes can detect electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers

31 Wavelength human eyes can detect electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers

32 Wavelength shorter wave length = more energy

33 Frequency (Hertz / Hz) Frequency = the number of waves that pass by a point each second. Pitch, as wavelength increases, pitch decreases. Measured in Hertz

34 Frequency (Hertz / Hz) higher frequency = more energy

35 Amplitude versus Frequency
Which one will have the higher volume? Frequency Which one will have the higher pitch?

36 Wave Speed Wave Speed = speed at which waves travel through a medium

37 Crest and Trough Crest- highest point on a wave
Trough- lowest point on a wave

38 Parts of a wave

39 Parts of a wave

40 Diagram of a Transverse Wave*
CREST AMPLITUDE TROUGH WAVELENGTH

41 Wave Interactions Extension

42 What interactions can waves undergo?
extension of unit, I feel necessary to go over

43 Reflection Reflection- happens when a wave bounces after hitting a barrier.

44 Reflection All waves can be reflected.

45 Refraction Refraction – is the change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material(medium) to another. refraction occurs when a wave changes speed. Light waves change direction when they slow down as they pass from air to water.

46 Diffraction The bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening is known as diffraction.

47 Diffraction nosey Sound wavelengths are MUCH longer than light wavelengths (measured in nanometers). This is why you can hear someone talking in another room with an open door, even though you can’t see them.

48 Interference happens when waves overlap
Constructive: amplitude increases Destructive: amplitude decreases

49 Interference

50 Resonance Resonance – vibration produced in one object that is caused by the vibration produced in another

51 Seismic Waves Extension

52 How are waves in Earthquakes like other waves?

53 Seismic waves move through the ground during an earthquake.

54 Seismic Waves Primary Waves are longitudinal (compressional) waves Secondary Waves are transverse waves Some of these waves are longitudinal (compressional), and others are transverse.

55 Another View

56

57 Seismic Waves The seismic waves that cause most damage to buildings are a kind of rolling waves. These rolling waves are surface waves and are a combination of longitudinal and transverse waves.

58 Seismic Waves: Surface Waves
Love Wave Rayleigh Wave

59

60

61

62 Electromagnetic Waves
**CHECK YOUR ANSWERS** amplitude wave length frequency wave speed refraction reflection diffraction interference properties can undergo WAVES types examples Electromagnetic Waves Mechanical Waves examples x-rays radio waves infrared radiation microwaves visible light sound water ropes earthquakes tsunami waves Concept Map Key do NOT need a medium need a medium are always can be either Transverse Longitudinal

63 A ______ is any disturbance that transmits energy through matter.
Waves only carry energy not matter ______________= wave height *larger amp more energy ______________: happens when a wave bounces after hitting a barrier All waves can be reflected _______________= is the change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material(medium) to another. A ____________is a substance through which a wave travels __________________ need a medium (sound, earthquake, ocean) ________________ = distance between 2 crests or troughs shorter wavelength more energy _____________ = bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening _________________ do NOT need a medium (light) ________________ move up and down (light waves) ______________ happens when waves overlap ____________________= the number of waves produced in a given amount of time *higher frequency more energy constructive destructive amplitude amplitude increases decreases _____________________ move in compressional pulses (sound waves) ____________- vibration of one object influences another _________________= speed at which waves travel through a medium

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