1. ROME

2. Founded by twin brothers (753 BC) Romulus and Remus
Started out being ruled by kings.
Last king was bad and overthrown…now Rome is a republic

3. Rome also had huge army. Generals became very powerful.
Rome’s most famous general was Julius Caesar. Caesar eventually takes power as an absolute ruler.

4. Caesar was killed by the Roman Senate, and his nephew became the next “Caesar.” This is how the Roman Empire began.
There were 91 emperors over almost 600 years!

5. Rome expanded throughout Europe, parts of Africa, parts of Asia, and parts of the Middle East.

6. Pax Romana-Long period of peace (207 years)
Agriculture and trade became very important.

7. Romans used people they conquered as slaves.
Most of Rome’s public was poor. They were distracted and controlled by parades, celebrations, games, races, and fights.

8. Christianity rose and spread in Ancient Rome
Romans had been polytheistic, but Emperor Constantine made Christianity ok and popular in Rome (312 A.D.)

9. The Roman Empire became too big. The Empire was split into two parts
The Roman Empire became too big. The Empire was split into two parts. However, the economy became weak, and the military could not keep out invaders.

10. Legacies of Rome include architecture, the Latin Language, the Roman system of laws, and art and literature.

11. Copy Cats! The Romans based their religion on Greek Mythology
They were also polytheistic
Many of the gods/goddesses were the same, but the Romans changed their names
The gods explained human qualities and life events

12. Goddess of love and beauty
The Roman Gods
Roman God
Greek God
Represents
Jupiter
Zeus
God of light and sky
Juno
Hera
Queen of the Gods
Apollo
God of healing
Diana
Artemis
Goddess of Fertility
Minerva
Athena
Goddess of wisdom
Venus
Aphrodite
Goddess of love and beauty

13. Jupiter
God of light and sky
Supreme ruler of the gods

14. Roman Literature Virgil – wrote the Aeneid A Latin epic
legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy where he became the ancestor of the Romans

15. Architecture 3.Cement 2. Baked Brick 1. Arch
Romans brought many new ideas to architecture
3.Cement
2. Baked Brick
1. Arch

16. Roman Arch
A way to make a doorway or window with no beams
Keystone

19. Aqueducts River water was dirty with sewage
Aqueducts brought clean water to cities from far nearby hills

21. Pantheon
Temple built for the seven roman gods

22. Coliseum An ancient sports arena in the shape of an oval stadium
Had mock battles where over 10,000 slaves, prisoners or volunteers were killed
Could hold over 50,000 spectators

24. Civilizations need many things. Some of those things are:
Centralized Population
Surplus of Food
Government
Division of Labor
Money collected from the people

25. If enough of these factors fail, things inevitably fall apart.

26. If anything happens to the population, naturally that can lead to collapse of the civilization.
Examples???

27. Possible examples: genocidal warfare, being conquered and expected to change under new rulers, disease, geological event

28. Mayans: Faded after the Spanish brought disease, war, and their own culture
Sumerians: Kept being invaded, kept changing

29. Environmental problems can also wipe out a civilization, especially if it impacts the food supply.

30. A 300-year drought destroyed the Akkadian empire.
Cooler temperatures can mess up agriculture as well (mini ice-age)

31. Economic and Political problems can slowly, over time, lead to the fall of a civilization.

32. It wasn’t just the attacks by barbarians that ended Rome
It wasn’t just the attacks by barbarians that ended Rome. The economy depended on conquest and slavery. This was unsustainable (there are only so many places to conquer). Eventually this meant fewer human resources to keep industry and agriculture going.