1. Developmental Theories
Overview (Chapter 1)

2. Understanding the Life Span
Two Types of Development
Individual Development

3. Developmental Issues
Nature vs. Nurture
Stability vs. Change

4. Understanding the Life Span
Developmental Processes Are Split:

5. The Nature of Development
Biological Processes
Cognitive Processes
Socioemotional Processes

6. Understanding the Life Span
Development Also Split Into Periods:
Prenatal
Early Childhood
Early Adulthood
Late Adulthood

7. Ecological Systems Approach
Stresses fluctuations and transitions – the dynamic synthesis of multiple levels of analysis
Relatively new
Ecological Systems Approach

8. Understanding the Life Span
Characteristics of the Life Span Perspective
Lifelong
Multidirectional
Multidisciplinary
Multicultural

9. Development - Lifelong
Research on all phases of development
Upper limit of Human Lifespan is
Upper limit of Human Life Expectancy is

10. Development - Multidimensional
A continual change of the individual
Physically
Emotionally

11. Development - Multidirectional
Some abilities increase while others decrease
Ability to learn primary versus secondary languages
Closeness of romantic relationship versus non-romantic relationships

12. Development - Plastic Developmental abilities do change over time
What developmental aspects are fixed, and which ones can be changed?

13. Development - Multidisciplinary
Development is not only studied by psychologists – it is not only IMPORTANT to psychologists

14. Development - Multicultural
Culture changes over time / geographical location
Resistance of specific cultural norms
What developmental milestones are present in one culture, but not others?

15. Development - Contextual
Development occurs within a given context
Contexts change over time
Normative Age – Graded Influence
Normative History – Graded Influence
Non - Normative Life Events

16. Theories of Development
Psychoanalytic Theories
Freud
Erikson
Proposed 8 distinct stages of development

17. Erikson’s Theory of Development
Divided into 8 stages:
Trust v Mistrust ( )
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt ( )
( 3 yrs – 5 yrs)
Industry v Inferiority (6 yrs – onset of puberty)

18. Erikson’s Theory of Development
Intimacy v Isolation ( )
(40’s, 50’s)
Integrity v Despair (60 +)

19. Theories of Development
Cognitive Theories

20. Piaget’s Theory Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage (infancy – 2 yrs)
Preoperational Stage ( )
(7 yrs -11 yrs)
Formal Operational ( )

21. Vygotsky’s Theory
Development is fueled through social contact

22. Information Processing Theory
Development follows a gradual incline

23. Theories of Development
Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories

24. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
Focused only on overt behavior

25. A. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Based developmental scheme on observational learning
Involves three components –

26. Theories of Development
Epigenetic Theory