1. The Judicial Branch Part 1

2. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.
Standard
SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia state government.
Element
Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia including trial and appellate procedures and how judges are selected.
Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.

3. Essential Question
What is the role of the judicial branch of Georgia government, and how is it organized? What is the difference between a criminal law and a civil law?

4. Purpose of Georgia’s Judicial Branch
Interpret the Georgia State Constitution
Interpret laws created and passed by Georgia’s legislative branch (General Assembly)
Ensure that Georgia citizens’ rights are protected by the legal system

5. Two Types of Laws
Criminal Laws Created to protect society from wrong-doers. Crimes are offenses that are punishable with fines, community service, prison, and sometimes even death (death penalty).

6. Criminal Case
The state takes legal action against someone charged with committing a crime (violating a law)
Felony – serious crime (more than 1 year in prison and/or more than $1000 fine)
Arson, burglary, kidnapping
Misdemeanor – less serious crime (up to 12 months, $1000 or less)
Prosecution – the state acts as the prosecution because they file charges against a person accused of committing a crime; they have the burden of proof
Defendant – person accused of committing a crime
Outcome
Guilty or not guilty

7. Two Types of Laws
Civil laws Created to deal with disputes among individuals. Involves compensation from one person to another based on an injury or wrong doing. A civil wrong done against a person is called a tort.

8. Civil Case
The court acts as a “referee” to settle disputes between 2 or more parties
Plaintiff – party who brings the legal action; they have the burden of proof
Defendant – person against whom the action is brought
Examples – auto accidents, divorce
Outcome
NOT – “guilty or not guilty” verdict
The court finds in favor of the plaintiff or defendant

9. A person can be charged with both criminal and civil wrong doing for the same action. Example: A person can be found not guilty of murder in a criminal case. However, they can be found guilty of wrongful death and ordered to pay compensation in a civil trial.

10. EQ: How can disputes be settled peacefully?
Several ways: negotiation, mediation, arbitration, compromise, collaboration
Negotiation
The process of discussing an issue with the intention of resolving it
Mediation
A neutral third person meets with the opposing sides and helps them reach an agreement

11. Name That Crime Criminal or Civil? Why? Arson Divorce
Mr. Jones’ tree falls on Mr. Smith’s house
Kidnapping
Failure to pay income tax
Noisy dog
Car theft
Drug dealing
Violation of a business contract
Murder

12. Court System
Record at least 2 facts in your Video Log