1. Lets Review the Economics/Government Study Guide

2. Describe the Government of South Africa
Type of Government: Republic(Parliamentary System)
Voting Rights: All Citizens 18 and older can votes for members of the National Assembly-Racism issues still exist from Apartheid

3. Describe the Government of Kenya
Type of Government: Republic
Voting Rights: All Citizens 18 and older

4. Describe the Government of Sudan
Type of Government: Dictatorship even though title is republic
Conflicts between Arabs and non Arabs
Recently split into two countries

5. How does Malaria affect Africa?
Tropical disease spread by mosquito bites
Insecticides, mosquito nets, and anti malarial drugs can help…but they are expensive

6. What are the causes of food shortages?
Wars-Civil wars and wars between countries
Drought
Poor Government

7. How does AIDS affect Africa?
Pandemic but affects Africa more than any other continent
17 million people have died from it
Absolutely No Cure

8. How does famine affect Africa?
Risk of Famine the Highest in Sub Saharan Africa
Result of poor food distribution and poverty

9. What contributes to Poverty?
Poor Government Organization
Poor Living Conditions

10. Where is the risk of poverty the highest in Africa?
Sub Saharan Africa

11. What factors have made it difficult to build stable governments in Africa?
Civil Wars
Corrupt Governments

12. What is a democracy?
Citizens have the most freedom-they elect representative to make and enforce the laws
In a parliamentary system, citizens vote for representatives to choose the president and prime minister.

13. What is a autocracy?
Power is held by one person(central ruler) who uses the military to make and enforce the laws.
Forms of autocracy are: Absolute Monarchy and Dictatorship

14. What is a Oligarchy?
Power is held by a small group of people who use the military to make and enforce the laws.
An example of an Oligarchy is Communism

15. What is a Monarchy and what are the two types?
Power is held by a king, queen, emperor, empress.
Two types are absolute(ruler has all the power) and constitutional(rulers power limited by constitution)

16. What is a dictatorship? A country ruled by a single leader.
The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control.

17. What is anarchy?
Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place.

18. Who has the highest literacy rate between Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, and Sudan?

19. What is another word for parliament?
Legislature

20. What is a federal system of government?
In a federal system of government, Power is shared somewhat evenly (not always 50/50)between the central government and the government of states or provinces. Kenya has this type of system of power

21. What is a unitary system of government?
In a unitary system of government, the central government decides which powers to grant to local governments.

22. What is a confederate system of government?
In a confederate system of government or confederation, individual states hold more power than the central government.

23. What is a market economy?
Definition: An economic system managed by the people and private businesses.
There is no government interference or regulation

24. What is a command economy?
Definition: An economic system where the central government is in charge
The governments determines what is manufactured and sets the price for goods and services

25. What is a traditional economy?
Definition: an economic system based on traditions, beliefs, customs, and routines
It never changes

26. What is a mixed economy?
Definition: An economic system that is mixture between a pure command economy and a pure market economy
It is not always a 50% balance between the two economic systems. It varies based on the country.

27. What is specialization?
Specialization is a situation where each country produces goods that it is able to make efficiently.
Many nations specialize in producing certain goods and services.
Specialization leads to increased international trade because countries are able to earn money selling the things they are good at making.
At the same time, countries want to buy goods they are not able to produce at home.

28. What are tariffs? A Tariff is a tax on imports.
By taxing imported goods, a country can protect the goods made in its own country.
A tariff(tax) will make the imported good cost more! The effect will hopefully will be that people will buy the cheaper native country version.

29. What are quotas?
An Import Quota limits the number of goods that can be imported into a country.

30. What are embargos?
An embargo is a complete stop on trade with another country.
Embargoes are used for political versus economic reasons.

31. What are sanctions?
Sanctions are economic penalties that one country imposes on another to force a change in policy…used with South Africa to end Apartheid.

32. What is human capital? Human Capital is the value of peoples work
(training and education). A skilled worker is valuable to businesses and the nation.
Investing in human capital is important to financial growth.

33. Describe the economy of South Africa
South Africa specializes in diamonds and gold

34. Describe the economy of Nigeria
Nigeria’s economy is based on oil

35. What is exchange rate?
A Currency Exchange Rate must be used in order for countries with different currencies to trade.
The currency exchange rate tells people in one country how much their money is worth in another country.

36.   What are the three key basic economic questions every country must answer?
What to produce?
How to produce?
For Whom to Produce?

37. What is the most important factor in determining what a country produces, exports, and imports?
A country’s location and natural resources