1. The English Civil War
Part 2 - The actual war

2. Parliament
Others wanted guarantees that the king would rule the country in accordance with law and tradition
The Grand Remonstrance barely passed because of this split
Charles learned that the radical members of Parliament wanted to take away most of his powers
Believed that if he could arrest the radical leaders and punish them as traitors, he could regain control
–attempted to force the Scots to worship in the style of the Church of England – even though they were Presbyterians
– called the Parliament together because he needed to raise money to pay his soldiers – known as the Short Parliament
- Parliament sides with the Scots and refuses to grant this money, so Charles closes it down after 3 weeks
- Parliament determined that the king should never again have absolute power
- But kings under Magna Carta also had “royal prerogative” and how far did this go? – known as the Grand Remonstrance

3. Parliament 2
In 1642 King Charles I takes 500 soldiers to the House of Commons and tries to arrest the leaders
but they’d been tipped off and escaped
Charles leaves Westminster for the north
Queen Henrietta Maria takes the Crown Jewels to Europe to sell them to pay for an army
War was now inevitable

4. Charles’ army (Royalists)
Charles vs. Parliament
Charles’ army (Royalists)
Parliament’s army
- Many of them came from noble families (money to pay for weapons)
- Were local militia (citizens who are trained to act as soldiers in times of emergency)
- Were used to fighting and riding on horses
- Were farmers and townspeople
- Were called ‘Royalists’ or ‘Cavaliers’
- Most of their army had almost no military experience
- Included experienced commanders (good leaders)
- Had control over the navy
- Catholics / Church of England
- Puritans

5. The Rump Parliament
When the civil war had begun, many of the members of parliament who supported the king left parliament to fight with him
Parliament was left in the hands of Presbyterians and Puritans
They disagreed on many important matters
Charles tried to play the two sides against each other
When rebellions broke out in support of the king, the parliamentary army sent soldiers to drive out the 143 Presbyterian members of parliament

6. Presbyterians vs. Puritans
- Wanted churches to be organized so that people worshipped the same everywhere
- Wanted each church to run itself separately from the other churches
- Didn’t care if Charles stayed as king, as long as he agreed to ‘limited’ powers
Wanted to see the end of the monarchy (no more kings)

7. Civil War The king had the strongest support in the north of England
Parliament’s support was strongest near London and in southeast England
Families were often on opposite sides of the fight

8. Main support for Charles
Main support for Parliament

9. Civil War – Charles vs. Parliament
Charles was successful at first
He won many small battles
Parliament made an alliance with Scotland (who was building a more modern army)
The leader of this “New Model
Army” was Oliver Cromwell, a puritan who sided with parliament

10. Charles vs. Parliament (and Cromwell’s Army)
The New Model Army defeated the Royalists at two important battles
Charles was forced to flee to Scotland
He was made a prisoner
He was handed over to parliament for £

11. The Rump Parliament
The parliament that was left (the Puritans) were called the “Rump Parliament”
They charged the king with treason (being disloyal to your country) and with making war on his own people

12. The Trial of the King
The parliament that was left (the Puritans) were called the “Rump Parliament”
Charles’ trial was strange, difficult and lengthy
They charged the king with treason and with making war on his own people

13. The End of King Charles I
In the end, he was found guilty and was sentenced to death
He was led onto a scaffold and executed
Charles I was defeated in and executed in 1649
An Eyewitness Representation of the Execution of Charles I of England, painted in 1649 by John Weesop

14. Following the Death of Charles I
Monarchy abolished
House of Lords abolished
England now a Republic (Commonwealth)
Rump Parliament small (60 members)
Supported by Roundhead army
Army would attack any non supporters of the Commonwealth

15. Oliver Cromwell Leader of army Tolerated all Protestants
Hated Catholics
Crushed Irish and Scottish Rebellions
When Parliament refused to hold elections
Marched troops into parliament
Locked members out
Took control of country himself
Army named him “Lord Protector of a United England, Scotland, Ireland and the Colonies”

16. The Lord Protector Broke country into districts
Each strictly ruled by a Major General
Each responsible for Law & order, taxes
Brought in Blue Laws
Strict puritan laws
Outlawed ‘pagan’ ceremonies (Christmas)
No dancing, gambling, sports, theatre, news
He was unpopular
Controlled strong army
Died 1658

17. CHARLES II Parliament reconvened in 1660
Charles II was invited to be king with limited powers
Very popular decision
Feudal dues abolished. King paid from taxes.
Must respect the Magna Carta and Petition of Right.
Charles II leaned towards the Catholic church. Parliament did not. Charles urged religious tolerance.