1. SICKLE CELL DISEASE OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS
DR.AMBREEN GULL
SENIOR REGISTRAR
OPHTHALMOLOGY

2. Sickle cell retinopathy
Vaso-occlusion of peripheral arterioles of retina leading to ischemia and hypoxia

3. ANTERIOR SEGMENT ABNORMALITIES
Hyphaema
Iris infarct and atrophy
Cataracts
Corkscrew conjunctival vessel
Phthisis bulbi

4. POSTERIOR SEGMENT ABNORMALITIES
Optic disc changes
Posterior retinal and macular vascular occlusion
Sickling maculopathy
Choroidal vascular occlusion
Non proliferative retinal changes
Proliferative retinal changes

5. Non proliferative retinal changes
Venous tortuosity
Salmon patch hemorrhage
Schisis cavity(refractile iridiscent deposits)
Black sunburst

6. Non proliferative stage

7. Proliferative sickle retinopathy
Pheripheral arteriolar occlusions
Arteriolar-venular anastomosis
Neovascular proliferation
Vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment

8. Proliferative stage

9. management Medical ocular management
avoid carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
If iop remains elevated early surgical intervention
Goal is to eliminate neovessels
Treatment modalities are argon laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy
Surgical treatment scleral buckling surgery/parsplana vitrectomy