1. Natural resources

3. Lesson 1: Energy Resources
A. Sources of energy
1. Energy is used for electricity, transportation, and other needs.
2. Resources that are used faster than they can be replaced by natural processes are called nonrenewable resources.
3. Uranium, which is used in nuclear reactions, and fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are both nonrenewable energy resources.

4. 4. Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short amount of time.
5. Energy from the sun, also called solar energy, is a(n) renewable energy resource.

5. B. Nonrenewable Energy Resources
1. In the United States, the energy to power lamps, heat houses, and run vehicles comes mostly from nonrenewable energy resources, such as fossil fuels.
2. Coal, oil, also called petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels

6. a. The fossil fuels used today formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
b. The type of fossil fuel that formed over millions of years depended on three factors: the type of organic matter, the temperature and pressure, and the length of time that the organic matter was buried.
c. Dead plants first formed peat and then eventually changed into harder and harder types of coal.

7. d. The hardest coal, anthracite, contains the most carbon per unit of volume and burns most efficiently.
e. Scientists theorize that oil and natural gas formed from the remains of microscopic marine organisms called plankton.
f. Most of the oil and natural gas used today formed where forces within Earth folded and tilted thick rock layers.

8. g. Deposits of oil and natural gas formed under layers of impermeable rocks.
h. Two advantages of fossil fuels are that they are relatively inexpensive and easy to transport.
i. Three disadvantages of fossil fuels are that they are nonrenewable, obtaining them can disrupt habitats, and using them causes pollution.
j. Chemicals released when fossil fuels are burned can react with water in the atmosphere and make rain and snow more acidic.

9. 3. Energy released from atomic reactions is called nuclear energy.
a. Nuclear power plants produce electricity using nuclear fission, a process that splits atoms.
b. One advantage of using nuclear energy is that a relatively small amount of uranium produces a large amount of energy.
c. A well-run nuclear power plant does not pollute the air, the soil, or the water.

10. d. Nuclear energy has disadvantages including the fact that nuclear power plants use a nonrenewable resource—uranium—for fuel.
e. The chain reaction in the nuclear reactor must be carefully monitored so that it does not get out of control.
f. Nuclear waste materials are very dangerous and must be stored safely for thousands of years.

11. C. Managing Nonrenewable Energy Resources
1. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy provide about 93 percent of U.S. energy.
2. The United States uses more than 22 percent of the world’s total energy although it contains only 4.5 percent of the world’s population.

12. 3. The process in which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation is called reclamation.
4. The energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment when they are plugged in but turned off is called vampire energy; you can conserve energy by unplugging them when they are not in use.

13. What are the 3 fossil fuels? Why are they called "fossil" fuels?
coal, oil, and natural gas
Why are they called "fossil" fuels? 
They are formed from fossils (remains of dead plants and animals)
What are some advantages of fossil fuels? 
Relatively cheap, they are in abundant supply, provide a large amount of energy for the world

14. What are some of the disadvantages?
Add carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which causes global warming and acid rain, coal mining is dangerous, oil spills are harmful 
What do you think would be some advantages of renewable energy resources? 
They do not pollute the Earth, they are always available, it is not dangerous to get them
What do you think are some disadvantages to renewable energy resources? 
They are expensive and more abundant in certain areas.  For example you couldn't use hydroelectric power in deserts. 

15. Lesson 2: Renewable Energy Resources
A. Renewable Energy Resources
1. Renewable resources come from natural processes that have been happening for billions of years and will continue to happen.
2. Solar energy is energy from the Sun.

16. a. Solar cells in watches and calculators capture light energy and transform it to electrical energy, while solar power plants generate electricity by transforming energy in sunlight to turn turbines connected to generators.
b. Technology, such as solar panels, that gathers and stores solar energy that heats water and homes is called active solar energy.

17. c. Passive solar energy uses design elements that capture energy in sunlight.

18. 3. Wind energy is a renewable resource that has been used since ancient times to sail boats and to turn windmills.
4. A group of wind turbines that produce electricity is called a(n) wind farm.

19. 5. Hydroelectric power is electricity produced by flowing water.
a. To produce hydroelectric power, humans build a(n) dam across a powerful river

20. 6. Thermal energy from Earth’s interior is called geothermal energy.
a. Geothermal energy can be used to heat homes and generate electricity in power plants.
b. Geothermal energy from hot rocks or magma heats water that makes steam, which turns turbines connected to generators that produce electricity.

22. 7. Energy produced by burning organic matter such as wood, food scraps, and alcohol is called biomass energy.
a. The most widely used biomass is wood.
b. Ethanol and biodiesel are two vehicle fuels that can be made from biomass.
c. Ethanol is made from sugars in plants such as corn.
d. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and fats.

26. Bell ringer – Question 1
The picture below shows a model of the rock cycle. During which part of the rock cycle does water break rocks apart?
A. Part 1
B. Part 2
C. Part 3
D. Part 4

27. Bell ringer – Question 2
What happens to rocks at location 3 in the diagram?
A. Heating and pressing B. Melting and cooling
C. Weathering and eroding D. Compacting and cementing

28. Bell ringer – Question 3
Relative cooling rates of igneous rocks can be estimated by comparing the rocks’
A. Crystal size
B. Composition
C. Density
D. Chemical reactivity

29. Natural resources – Lesson 1 And 2 review

30. 1. One disadvantage of fossil fuels is the (pollution, fission) that results from their use.

31. 2. A (renewable, nonrenewable) energy resource is one that is not easily replaced naturally.

32. 3. One approach to managing nonrenewable energy resources is (reclaiming, conserving) land that has been mined or drilled.

33. 4. Oil and natural gas come from (peat, plankton) that died and were covered with sediment millions of years ago.
4. Oil and natural gas come from (peat, plankton) that died and were covered with sediment millions of years ago.

34. 5. A disadvantage of using nuclear energy is that the (chain reaction, future use) of the nuclear reactor must be closely monitored.
5. A disadvantage of using nuclear energy is that the (chain reaction, future use) of the nuclear reactor must be closely monitored

35. 6. Coal formation began with a prehistoric (inland sea, swamp).

36. 7. Solar energy is an example of a (nonrenewable, renewable) energy resource.

37. 8. (Vampire, Nonrenewable) energy is the energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment while plugged in but not in use.
8. (Vampire, Nonrenewable) energy is the energy used by appliances and other electronic equipment while plugged in but not in use.

38. 9. The waste materials from nuclear power plants remain (renewable, dangerous) for thousands of years.

39. 10. The supply of fossil fuels is (permanent, limited).

40. 11. A disadvantage of using fossil fuels is that it disrupts (habitats, uranium).

41. 12. A disadvantage of using nonrenewable resources is the (fragmentation, fusion) of forests.

42. 13. Fossil fuels store (chemical, natural) energy.

43. 14. When uranium atoms split, they release (thermal, solar) energy.

44. Lesson 2 Review 1. thermal energy from Earth’s interior A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
ANSWER : Geothermal

45. 2. provides energy from burning wood scraps
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
ANSWER: Biomass

46. 3. energy captured from the Sun
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
Answer: Solar

47. 4. low and high tides produce electricity
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
Answer: Water

48. 5. needed for wind farms to generate electricity
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
Answer: Wind

49. 7. less of this type of energy is captured on cloudy days
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
Answer: Solar

50. 8. type of energy used to power some calculators and watches
A. Biomass
B. Solar
C. Wind
D. Geothermal
E. Water
Answer: Solar

51. Lesson 3: Land resources
A. Land as a Resource
1. Something from Earth that living things use to meet their needs is called a(n) natural resource.
2. Living space includes natural habitats and the land on which buildings, sidewalks, parking lots, and streets are built.
3. Cities make up only a small percentage of land use in the United States; most land is used for agriculture, grasslands, and forests.

52. B. Forests and Agriculture
1. Forests have regrown since 1920, but the new trees are not as tall as the original trees.
2. Forests are cut down to get wood for fuel, paper products, and wood products and to clear land for development and agriculture.
a. The amount of land used for agriculture has decreased in recent years.
b. Crop production has increased in some parts of the country due to advances in farming techniques.

54. 3. Certain minerals are mined to make products that people use every day.
a. Deposits of minerals that are large enough to be mined for a profit are called ores.
b. Ores such as bauxite and hematite are called metallic mineral resources and are used to make metal products.
c. Nonmetallic mineral resources include sand, gravel, gypsum, halite, sulfur, and fluorite.

56. C. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Land Resources
1. One advantage of using land resources is that they are widely available and easy to access.
2. Another advantage of using land resources is that crops and trees are renewable— they can be replanted and grown in a relatively short amount of time.

57. b. Deforestation can lead to soil erosion and loss of animal habitats.
3. Disadvantages of using land resources include the following: minerals are nonrenewable and using land resources can result in deforestation and pollution.
a. The cutting of large areas of forests for human activities is called deforestation.
b. Deforestation can lead to soil erosion and loss of animal habitats.

58. c. Deforestation can affect global climates because trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
d. Runoff that contains chemicals from mineral mines can pollute soil and water.
e. Chemical fertilizers in runoff from farms can pollute rivers, soil, and underground water supplies.

59. Deforestation occurs when humans cut forests to clear land for agricultural uses or development

60. D. Managing Land Resources
1. There is competition for space because the amount of land is limited.
2. On preserved land, logging and development is banned or strictly controlled.
3. According to government regulations, public and private mined lands must be restored.

61. 4. Land used for farming and grazing can be managed to conserve soil and improve crop yield.
5. Organic farming techniques do not use synthetic fertilizers.
6. By recycling yard waste and vegetable scraps, you can help conserve land resources.

62. Lesson 4: Air and Water Resources
A. Importance of Air and Water
1. Air and water are resources that you cannot live without.
a. Oxygen from air helps your body provide energy for your cells.
b. Water helps protect body tissues and maintain body temperature.

63. c. Water also has a role in many chemical reactions, such as the digestion of food.
d. People use water for other purposes including agriculture, transportation, and recreation.

64. 2. Burning fossil fuels in homes, vehicles, and power plants produces air pollution.
a. Air pollution can also be caused by natural events, such as volcanic eruptions or forest fires.
b. Photochemical smog is a brownish haze produced when nitrogen compounds and other pollutants in the air react in the presence of sunlight.

65. c. Smog can be particularly harmful when it is trapped under a layer of warm air and remains in an area for several days.
d. Acid precipitation forms when nitrogen and sulfur compounds released when fossil fuels burn react with water in the atmosphere.
e. Acid precipitation is precipitation that has a(n) pH less than 5.6.
f. Materials from forest fires and volcanic eruptions can cause health problems similar to those caused by smog.

66. 3. About 97 percent of water on Earth is salt water.
a. Out of the total amount of water on Earth, only about 0.9 percent is available for humans to use.
b. Polluted water containing fertilizers can run off from fields into rivers and groundwater, reducing the quality of water supplies.
c. In industry, water is often heated to a point that it can harm aquatic organisms.

67. B. Managing Air and Water Resources
1. Management of air and water resources must consider both human needs and the needs of other living things.
2. Legislation can be used to reduce pollution of water and air.

68. a. The U.S. Clean Air Act limits the amount of certain pollutants that can be released into the air.
b. The U.S. Clean Water Act works to reduce of water pollution.
c. The Safe Drinking Water Act has regulations to protect drinking water supplies.
3. People can help reduce water pollution by properly disposing of harmful chemicals so less pollution runs off into rivers and streams.