1. Poetry

2. What is poetry?
Is a type of literature in which words are carefully chosen and arranged to create certain effect.
Poets use highly charged language and arrange words in lines that form stanzas.

3. Little rockets zip and zoom, line
Lines and stanzas
Little rockets zip and zoom, line
S Hop, skip, bounce and boom, T
A Plop on the ground , plunk on me, N
Z A zillion corns from the old oak tree. A

4. Lines and Stanzas Line: is the core unit of the poem
In poetry, a line length is an essential element of the poem’s meaning and rhythm.
Stanza: how lines are grouped that function like paragraphs in prose.

5. The stanzas are described by the number of lines: a
The stanzas are described by the number of lines: a. couplets = two lines b. tercets : three lines c. quatrains : four lines d. sestests : six lines

6. Form Poem’s structure or the way the words are arranged on the page.
Traditional poetry characteristics
a. follow fixed rules, such as specific number of lines
b. has a regular pattern of rhythm and or rhyme.

7. Forms of traditional poetry
1. narrative poetry: tells a story and has the same literary elements as works of prose fiction. a. ballads: narrative poem written to be sung or recited b. epic: long, narrative poem (Homer’s The Illiad)

8. Other traditional forms
ode: meditative or commemorative lyric poem
Sonnet: a 14- line poem having a set pattern of rhythm and rhyme (Shakespeare’s sonnets)
Haiku: a form of Japanese poetry having a set number of lines and syllables
Limerick: a light and humorous poem with a particular rhyme scheme

9. Organic poetry Characteristics
1. does not follow established rules for form
2. not a regular pattern of rhyme (rhyme scheme) or may not rhyme at all
3. may use unconventional spelling, punctuation and grammar.

10. Forms of organic poetry
1. free verse: poetry that does not have a regular meter
2. concrete poetry: poetry that conveys meaning visually through the arrangement of letters and words

11. Sound devices
Is when poets use the innate musical qualities of words to create patterns that emphasize meaning. 1. meter : is the regular pattern of beats in a line, is one aspect of poetic sound 2. rhyme: the repetition of sounds at the ends of words. ( leaf and brief) *It enhances the musical quality of the poem a. rhyme scheme: particular pattern of rhyme

12. 3.alliteration:repetition of initial identical consonant sounds in accented syllables Example: “ What saint strained so much…” 4. consonance: repetition of final consonant sounds (speak, break) 5. assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds (shade, ray) 6. onomatopoeia: use of a word that sounds like it means (buzz, hiss)

13. Imagery
Imagery is the use of words and phrases that appeal to one or more of the five senses: smell, sight, hearing, touch, and taste. It creates word pictures that help to express meaning Example: “a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water”

14. Figurative language Is also known as figures of speech
Is language that is used imaginatively rather than literally. Is also known as figures of speech = communicate meanings beyond the literal meaning of words
1. simile: figure of speech that compares two apparently unlike things using the words “like” or “as”
Example: “I wandered lonely as a cloud”

15. 2.metaphor: figure of speech that compares two aparently unlike things without using the words “like” or “as”. Example: “Life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly” 3. personification: figure of speech that gives human traits to something non human Example: “Let the rain sing you a lullaby”

16. 4.oxymoron: is a figurative speech that combines two contradictory words as in wise fool. **It often expresses a paradox: an idea that seems contradictory but is actually free. 5. hyperbole: is an exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect