1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

2. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
EQ: Describe the Four groups of organic compounds found in living organisms?
Photo Credit: © John Conrad/CORBIS
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

3. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Water Molecule
A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

4. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Water Molecule
Hydrogen Bonds
Because of their partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules can attract each other.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

5. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Acids, Bases, and pH
Acids, Bases, and pH
A water molecule is neutral, but can react to form hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
H2O   H+ + OH-
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Acids, Bases, and pH
The pH scale 
Chemists devised a measurement system called the pH scale to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Acids, Bases, and pH
Acids
An acid is any compound that forms H+ ions in solution. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Acids, Bases, and pH
Bases
A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in solution. 
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Acids, Bases, and pH
Buffers 
The pH of the fluids within most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5.
Controlling pH is important for maintaining homeostasis.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

10. The Chemistry of Carbon
Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
Macromolecules
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are important source of energy
Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

13. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbohydrates
Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy.
Examples:
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Starch
Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Starches form when sugars join together in a long chain.
Glucose
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

14. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Lipids
Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Lipids are generally not soluble in water.
The common categories of lipids are:
fats
oils
waxes
steroids
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

15. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Lipids
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

17. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
a 5-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

18. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary,
or genetic, information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

19. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Proteins
Proteins
Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
polymers of molecules called amino acids.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

20. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Proteins
Some functions of proteins:
Control rate of reactions – Enzymes
Used to form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help to fight disease - antibodies
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

21. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
LEFT SIDE ACTIVITY Read Pages of you text book. Compose a One Pager based on the text. Use the importance of carbon as the central idea.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

22. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
A One-Pager is a creative response to your learning experience. It allows you to respond imaginatively while being brief and concise in making connections between words and images. We think about what we see and read differently when we are asked to do something with what we have seen or read. We learn best when we create our own ideas. Your personal thinking about what you have experienced should be understood by the audience that views the One-Pager.
Follow this format for your One-Pager
Title the One-Pager appropriately to reflect the content.
Use colored pens, pencils, or markers. The more visually appealing it is the more your peers will learn.
Fill the entire page.
Be purposeful about the arrangement of your One-Pager. For example, have a reason for using a certain color
or for placing an object in a certain place.
Write two quotations from the reading or activity. Use the proper grammatical format.
Use three visual images, either drawn or cut out from magazines, to create a central focus to your page.
Place five essential vocabulary words/phrases around the images. These terms/words/phrases should express
the main ideas, your impressions, feelings, or thoughts about what you have seen or read.
Write the main idea of the reading.
Write two Costa’s Level 2 or 3 questions and answer them.
Put a symbolic colored border around the edges of the page.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall