1. Matter and its Properties

2. What is matter? Use these terms in your explanation: atom, molecule, volume and mass!
Elements
Type affects properties
make up

3. Matter can undergo a Chemical Change
New substance(s) formed by the breaking or formation of new bonds between atoms. New substance has different properties than original substance – Must be chemical
The change is normally not reversible
There is a change in colour
Gas bubbles are present
Heat, light or smoke are released
A participate forms (solid)
The more you checked off above, the more likely the substances you are observing have gone through a chemical change. Ex. Fireworks, blackened marshmallow, corrosion on a ship, gas bubbles or solid formed without heating or cooling.

4. Matter can undergo a Physical Change
No new substance was created – Must be physical
The change can be reversed (most of the time)
The substance underwent a change of state due to heating or cooling the substance (solid, liquid, gas)
The change is only in appearance or form of the material
The more you check off above, the more likely the substances you are observing have gone through a physical change
Ex. Boiling water;
Dissolving a salt into solution

5. Try This: Which of the following everyday activities are physical changes and which are chemical changes?
a. chemical
b. physical
c. chemical
d. physical
e. chemical
f. physical
a. burning leaves
b. mixing sand with soil
c. An iron nail rusts as it sits on the ground outside
d. using a glue gun
e. A cake rises as it is baked
f. A window cracks when a rock hits it on the highway

6. Making Observations on Matter
Physical Properties – characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured table p. 22 text
Examples: ______________________________________
Qualitative Observations
The observation describes the look and feel of what is happening.
The observation does not involve measuring what is being observed.
Examples:
The chemical is smelly and orange
It is hot today
The 60 W bulb is brighter than the 40 W bulb

7. Quantitative Observation:
The observation describes a measurement made of what is happening
The observation involves measuring what has been observed
Examples:
15 grams of chemical A was produced in the reaction
The liquid has a density of 2.56 g/mL
10 mL of water was added to the dough
The flight was 10 minutes late
Classify each of the following observations as Qualitative (Qual) or Quantitative (Quan)?
The bowling ball is heavier than the basketball
John is 6 lbs heavier than Claire
The temperature increased by 5○C
The colour changed from blue to green
Qual
Quan

8. Chemical Property- the ability of matter to react with another substance to form one or more new substances with new properties.
Reactivity depends on the structure of the atoms that make up matter.

9. Metals with Oxygen
Iron reacts readily with oxygen forming RUST

10. Metals with Acids
Aluminum reacts with Hydrochloric acid releasing Hydrogen gas
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) -> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

11. Inert Gases
Neon is an inert gas and does not like to react with anything

12. Matter can be classified as either a Pure Substance or a Mixture.
Pure Substances –a substance made up of only one kind of particle with the same properties throughout.
Element - An element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. An atom is the smallest amount of a particular element that retains the properties of the element.
Name 2 elements
Molecule – is a pure substance made of two or more atoms that can either come from the same element or different elements in definite proportions
Name 2 molecules
(made of one element)
(made of two or more elements)
Compound - a pure substance composed of at least two elements in definite proportions
Name 2 compounds

13. Why are all compounds considered molecules but not all molecules are considered compounds?
2. Mixtures – two or more pure substances mixed together in any proportions (e.g. salt water– different substances dissolved in H2O)
Molecules are made of atoms that can either come from the same element or different elements. Compounds are made up of at least two different elements.

14. Try This: Identify substance as either a pure substance (pure) or a mixture (Mix). If you know type of pure substance indicate this as well!
a. sodium chloride
b. vinegar
c. copper
d. soup
e. gasoline
f. water
g. nitrogen gas h. whipped cream
Pure – compound (NaCl)
Pure – compound ((CH3COOH)
Pure - element
mixture
Pure -Compound & molecule
Pure – molecule & element - N2
Mixture – air and cream

15. What Physical States Exist for Matter?
What causes substances to change Physical State? What two things happen to particles in a substance when the substance changes state? 1)__________________________________________ 2)__________________________________________
Heating or cooling the substance
Particles move faster or slower
Particles move closer or further apart

16. Molecules should be replaced with particles or atoms because not all materials are made from molecules (two or more atoms bonded together chemically)

17. Changes of Physical State

19. Try This: Mercury is a metal with a melting point of -39°C and a boiling point of 357°C. What is its physical state (solid, liquid, gas) at:
a. 0°C b. 500°C c. -1°C
a. liquid b. gas c. liquid

20. Do This! Complete table on properties of the substances.
Use the internet

21. Do This! Read Bag of Change Lab Complete Bag of Change
Follow Lab Procedure and Be Safe!