1. Cellular Processes
Standard 7-2.4
Explain how cellular processes (respiration, photosynthesis, waste elimation, mitosis, and reporduction) are essential to the survival of an organism.

2. Diffusion One way materials move across the cellular membrane
Materials move from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration

4. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?

5. Molecules like their own space.
If there are too many in one space then molecules will move to a place with less stuff (less molecules).
DOES NOT NEED ENERGY TO MOVE!
SPREAD OUT
HIGH CONCENTRATION

6. Molecules move in and out of the cell through the cell membrane

7. Osmosis
diffusion of water across the cellular membrane

8. What are the consequences to a cell if too much water goes…?
INTO THE CELL
OUT OF THE CELL
SHRINKS
BLOATS

9. NEEDS ENERGY to “move” substances across the membrane
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
NEEDS ENERGY to “move” substances across the membrane
USUALLY MOVES SUBSTANCES FROM A LOW CONCENTRATION
TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION

10. Active transport requires cell energy. Diffusion does not.

11. Active transport: Endocytosis:
Cell membrane surrounds a substance and engulfs it
Exocytosis:
Vesicle with waste fuses with a cell membrane and then releases waste outside of cell(reversal of endocytosis)

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Plants use light energy (sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide and water to make simple sugars (glucose)
Once the sugars are formed, they are either used by the plant or stored in the vacuoles.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
Plant cells also release oxygen gas.

14. RESPIRATION
Cells break down simple sugars into carbon dioxide and water and release energy.
cell uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells.
Respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

16. WASTE ELIMINATION
Organisms rid the cells of waste products that could be harmful to the cell.
As waste particles accumulate in a cell, the waste will move out of the cell and be eliminated.

17. The total of ALL chemical reactions in an organism
Metabolism
The total of ALL chemical reactions in an organism
Enzymes
Molecules that act as catalysts for cell processes (chemical reactions)

18. MITOSIS cell reproduction; process of cell division,
occurs in the nucleus of the cell
enables a cell to make an exact copy of it
needed for growth, replacement, and asexual reproduction
Results:
production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell
Video under MITOSIS- right click to view